Fort McAllister I GA002

1863-03-03 to 1863-03-03 · GA · Naval Attacks on Fort McAllister [March 1863] · frozen result: Confederate · NPS summary (as listed)

CWSAC description
Rear Adm. Samuel F. Du Pont [US] ordered three ironclads, Patapsco, Passaic, and Nahant, to test their guns and mechanical appliances and practice artillery firing by attacking Fort McAllister, then a small three-gun earthwork battery. On March 3, 1863, the three ironclads conducted an eight-hour bombardment. The bombardment did not destroy the battery but did some damage, while the three ironclads received some scratches and dents. The tests were helpful for knowledge and experience gained, but the fort did not fall, showing that the ironclads' firepower could not destroy an earthen fort.

Command responsibility (ledger v2)

US: P. Drayton

Grade A under rule 2; echelon flotilla. superior_directing

Drayton reports the attack as 'Senior Officer Present' and thanks the other two monitor commanders for their support (rule 2, grade A). Du Pont ordered the attack (superior_directing: Du Pont).

Captain
arnold-cwsac-commanders, battle GA002, belligerent US, fullname P. Drayton; column rank · snapshot 6c587c298717…
P. Drayton, Captain, Senior Officer Present.
orn13-drayton-fort-mcallister-selections-v1 · snapshot 3d1f82e8efbb…
I have to thank Commanders Ammen and Downes for the hearty sup¬ port which they gave me.
orn13-drayton-fort-mcallister-selections-v1 · snapshot 3d1f82e8efbb…

Confederate: George A. Anderson

Grade B under rule 2; echelon detachment_or_post.

Single CWSAC listing. McCrady's report rests on 'the statements of Captain [G. W.] Anderson' and has 'Captain Anderson' report that he attempted firing by battery, which implies he directed the battery's fire but does not state his command of the work. No inspected passage names another commander (rule 2, grade B). The frozen middle initial (A.) differs from the compiler's bracketed '[G. W.]', and the live page gives Major; identity is not in doubt.

Captain
arnold-cwsac-commanders, battle GA002, belligerent Confederate, fullname George A. Anderson; column rank · snapshot 6c587c298717…

Side strength (ledger v3)

US: grade D: no usable figure (modelled in the rating runs)

whole_engagement_leakage

Confederate: grade D: no usable figure (modelled in the rating runs)

whole_engagement_leakage

Dossier claims

Draft dossier, revision fort-mcallister-1863-review-correction-2026-09-25. Claims are extraction records with their quoted passages, not historical adjudication. JSON

information

supportedunresolved Drayton learned the fort's earlier armament from a pilot who had deserted from it two months before. McCrady's report rests on McAlpin's notes and the officers' statements, and identifies the vessel under fire as the Montauk; a compiler's footnote in the printed report says the Montauk was not in action.

Attributed knowledge on both sides; the misidentification is preserved as printed. No original reconnaissance, order or message chain was inspected to establish contemporary knowledge. Surprise in a summary does not independently establish what each commander knew.

One of our pilots, an Englishman, deserted from Fort McAllister two months ago.
orn13-drayton-fort-mcallister-selections-v1, p.727 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 3d1f82e8efbb…
is founded upon the notes and observations of Assistant Engineer McAlpin
orn13-mccrady-fort-mcallister-selections-v1, p.730 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 2b32110380ae…
No. 1 is supposed to be the Montauk
orn13-mccrady-fort-mcallister-selections-v1, p.732 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 2b32110380ae…
This was prob¬ ably the Montauk* which in previous engagements carried such a flag.
orn13-mccrady-fort-mcallister-selections-v1, p.731 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 2b32110380ae…
*The U. S. S. Montauk was not in action. 732
orn13-mccrady-fort-mcallister-selections-v1, pp.731–732 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 2b32110380ae…

logistics

supportedunresolved Drayton withdrew when his shell with fuzes long enough to reach were expended and his crew had worked eight hours without a break to eat; he ran out of 7- and 10-second fuzes. McCrady says the damage was repaired and the VIII-inch columbiad remounted by morning, and a fresh supply of ammunition arrived from Savannah in the night.

Statements in the two reports; no ordnance returns inspected.

I only withdrew when all my shell with fuzes long enough to reach (or over five seconds) had been expended,
orn13-drayton-fort-mcallister-selections-v1, p.718 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 3d1f82e8efbb…
having been occupied for eight hours at the guns without even an intermission to eat,
orn13-drayton-fort-mcallister-selections-v1, p.718 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 3d1f82e8efbb…
I also ran out of 7-second and 10-second fuzes.
orn13-drayton-fort-mcallister-selections-v1, p.726 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 3d1f82e8efbb…
Assistant Engineer McAlpin had all the damage repaired by morning,
orn13-mccrady-fort-mcallister-selections-v1, p.733 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 2b32110380ae…
A fresh supply of ammunition was received from Savannah during the night,
orn13-mccrady-fort-mcallister-selections-v1, p.733 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 2b32110380ae…

objectives

supportedunresolved NPS says Du Pont ordered the attack to test the ironclads' guns and appliances and give gunnery practice. Drayton calls the attack, entrusted to his direction, unsuccessful, and concludes that heavy earthworks must be reduced by continuous fire by day and night, as on shore.

Du Pont's own transmittal was read but not selected; the aim is cited from NPS and Drayton.

to test their guns and mechanical appliances and practice artillery firing by attacking Fort McAllister,
nps-ga002-v1, Description · snapshot a4c369e36ad4…
Although the attack was an unsuccessful one,
orn13-drayton-fort-mcallister-selections-v1, p.718 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 3d1f82e8efbb…
the attack, which you had entrusted to my direction,
orn13-drayton-fort-mcallister-selections-v1, p.718 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 3d1f82e8efbb…
if we expect to reduce heavy earthworks, it must be done as in the attack of fortified places on shore,
orn13-drayton-fort-mcallister-selections-v1, p.727 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 3d1f82e8efbb…

outcome

supportedpost_outcome The frozen and live results read Confederate victory. Drayton says the attack was unsuccessful and that no injury was done that a good night's work would not repair; McCrady reports no material damage to the earthwork and the garrison as ready to fight again the next morning. McCrady's report text reads 'Tuesday, March 8' in OCR, but his tables in the same section and Drayton's ordnance report date the action March 3, matching the frozen date.

Retain the original result and engagement interval; later movements and campaign contribution are different measures. No new probabilities or individual causal credit.

Confederate victory
arnold-cwsac-battles, battle GA002; column results_text · snapshot 952b5d08402a…
Confederate Victory
nps-ga002-v1, Results · snapshot a4c369e36ad4…
but still no injury done which, 1 think, a good night’s work would not repair,
orn13-drayton-fort-mcallister-selections-v1, p.717 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 3d1f82e8efbb…
Earthwork.— No material damage, nor any that could not be repaired in one night.
orn13-mccrady-fort-mcallister-selections-v1, p.732 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 2b32110380ae…
occurred at Fort McAllister on Tuesday, March 8,
orn13-mccrady-fort-mcallister-selections-v1, p.730 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 2b32110380ae…
which attacked Fort McAllister on March 3, 1863.
orn13-mccrady-fort-mcallister-selections-v1, p.734 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 2b32110380ae…
on the Ogeechee, on the 3d of March,
orn13-drayton-fort-mcallister-selections-v1, p.725 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 3d1f82e8efbb…

disputedpost_outcome The frozen casualty text reads Unknown; the live field reads 1 total (US 0; CS 1). McCrady reports two men slightly wounded, one by a shell fragment and one by a sod peg, and one gun carriage destroyed. McCrady also reports that riflemen in the marsh shot an officer stepping out of monitor No. 1's turret; Drayton's selected reports list damage to the Passaic but no casualties.

Original casualty returns were not inspected; preserve totals, categories, cutoffs and differences. No canonical reconciliation or casualty-based opening count; related actions must not be added without resolving population overlap. Frozen 'Unknown', the live CS 1 and McCrady's two slightly wounded are preserved, as is McCrady's claim of a Union officer shot against the live US 0.

Unknown
arnold-cwsac-battles, battle GA002; column casualties_text · snapshot 952b5d08402a…
1 total (US 0; CS 1;)
nps-ga002-v1, Estimated Casualties · snapshot a4c369e36ad4…
Men. — Two men slightly wounded.
orn13-mccrady-fort-mcallister-selections-v1, p.733 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 2b32110380ae…
One man wounded by fragment of shell. One man wounded by a sod peg.
orn13-mccrady-fort-mcallister-selections-v1, p.733 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 2b32110380ae…
One gun carriage scattered; two traverse wheels broken.
orn13-mccrady-fort-mcallister-selections-v1, p.732 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 2b32110380ae…
but was shot in the act, stumbling forward,
orn13-mccrady-fort-mcallister-selections-v1, p.732 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 2b32110380ae…

responsibility

supportedunresolved Drayton signed as senior officer present and directed the attack. McCrady names Captain [G. W.] Anderson as reporting on the battery's fire and Captain Martin on the mortar; McAlpin directed repairs. The frozen commanders are Captain P. Drayton (US navy) and Captain George A. Anderson (CS); the live page gives Major George Anderson.

Command roles from the two reports; no listed commander receives automatic sole credit. The frozen middle initial (A.) and the compiler's bracketed initials (G. W.) differ; the live rank is not adopted.

P. Drayton, Captain, Senior Officer Present.
orn13-drayton-fort-mcallister-selections-v1, p.719 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 3d1f82e8efbb…
Captain Anderson reports that he attempted firing by battery, but did not succeed for want of a signal
orn13-mccrady-fort-mcallister-selections-v1, p.731 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 2b32110380ae…
Captain [G. W.] Anderson,
orn13-mccrady-fort-mcallister-selections-v1, p.730 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 2b32110380ae…
Captain
arnold-cwsac-commanders, battle GA002, belligerent US, fullname P. Drayton; column rank · snapshot 6c587c298717…
Captain
arnold-cwsac-commanders, battle GA002, belligerent Confederate, fullname George A. Anderson; column rank · snapshot 6c587c298717…
Major George Anderson [CS]
nps-ga002-v1, Principal Commanders · snapshot a4c369e36ad4…

strength

unknownunresolved

No inspected return establishes matched personnel at a common opening boundary. The frozen side-specific numerical strength bounds are blank (missing_numeric_strength). No figure in this pass is adopted as a simultaneous opening force.

disputedunresolved The frozen force text names the Union navy flotilla and the fort garrison; the live field reads zero. Drayton says his vessel lay under fire with Ammen and Downes in support, three mortar schooners firing from about 4,000 yards and three gunboats anchored near them; he judged the fort to contain seven guns and a mortar. NPS calls the fort 'then a small three-gun earthwork battery'. McCrady describes three monitors in action, a fourth that took no part, one river and one ocean steamer and three mortar vessels, and names the fort's VIII-inch, X-inch and 42-pounder guns, a rifled 32-pounder, 32-pounders and a X-inch mortar; neither gives a garrison or crew strength.

Vessel and gun counts only, and the gun counts differ; no personnel figure. None is adopted as a matched opening strength. The live zero is not measured absence.

Union Navy Flotilla [US]; Fort McAllister Garrison [CS]
arnold-cwsac-battles, battle GA002; column forces_text · snapshot 952b5d08402a…
0 total (US 0; CS 0;)
nps-ga002-v1, Forces Engaged · snapshot a4c369e36ad4…
then a small three-gun earthwork battery
nps-ga002-v1, Description · snapshot a4c369e36ad4…
Our three mortar schooners kept up a tire during the day from about 4,000 yards dis¬ tance,
orn13-drayton-fort-mcallister-selections-v1, p.718 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 3d1f82e8efbb…
were anchored near the mortar schooners in signal distance of us,
orn13-drayton-fort-mcallister-selections-v1, p.718 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 3d1f82e8efbb…
contained seven guns and a Xl-inch mortar.
orn13-drayton-fort-mcallister-selections-v1, p.717 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 3d1f82e8efbb…
Three of the monitor fleet took position off the battery at 8:45 a. m. ;
orn13-mccrady-fort-mcallister-selections-v1, p.730 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 2b32110380ae…
Another monitor lay near the bend of the river below Har¬ vey’s Cut, but took no part in the action.
orn13-mccrady-fort-mcallister-selections-v1, p.730 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 2b32110380ae…
The firing of the X-inch mortar, Captain Martin, was very accurate,
orn13-mccrady-fort-mcallister-selections-v1, p.731 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 2b32110380ae…

terrain

disputedunresolved Drayton says the fort stood at least 20 feet above the river with high traverses between the guns, that shallow water, a narrow channel and piles kept him about 1,200 yards off (the pilot called it a thousand), and that the natural obstacles made another attack as unlikely to succeed. McCrady puts the three ironclads at 1,400 to 1,900 yards, in the channel about 200 yards from the marsh opposite.

Distances are the two sides' estimates and differ; no map verification. The earthwork predates the attack.

The fort is very solidly built, with high traverses between the guns, and raised at least 20 feet above the river,
orn13-drayton-fort-mcallister-selections-v1, p.717 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 3d1f82e8efbb…
My distance I judged to be 1,200 yards from the following data:
orn13-drayton-fort-mcallister-selections-v1, p.717 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 3d1f82e8efbb…
The pilot called the distance a thousand yards.
orn13-drayton-fort-mcallister-selections-v1, p.717 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 3d1f82e8efbb…
satisfied that the natural obstacles are such as to render another just as little likely to succeed.
orn13-drayton-fort-mcallister-selections-v1, p.718 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 3d1f82e8efbb…
I he three ironclads were drawn up in line of battle at distances varying from 1,400 to 1,900 yards from the battery.
orn13-mccrady-fort-mcallister-selections-v1, p.730 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 2b32110380ae…

Open questions