Kolb's Farm GA014
1864-06-22 to 1864-06-22 · GA · Atlanta Campaign [May-September 1864] · frozen result: Union · NPS summary (as listed)
On the night of June 18-19, Gen. Joseph E. Johnston, fearing envelopment, moved his army to a new, previously selected position astride Kennesaw Mountain, an entrenched arc-shaped line to the west of Marietta, to protect his supply line, the Western & Atlantic Railroad. Having encountered entrenched Rebels astride Kennesaw Mountain stretching southward, Sherman fixed them in front and extended his right wing to envelop their flank and menace the railroad. Joe Johnston countered by moving John B. Hood's corps from the left flank to the right on June 22. Arriving in his new position at Mt. Zion Church, Hood decided, on his own, to attack. Warned of Hood's intentions, Union generals John Schofield and Joseph Hooker entrenched. Union artillery and swampy terrain thwarted Hood's attack and forced him to withdraw with costly casualties. Although the victor, Sherman's attempts at envelopment had momentarily failed.
Command responsibility (ledger v2)
US: none
Grade D under rule 3c; echelon unknown. responsibility_unresolvedsuperior_directing
Other candidates: John M. Schofield, Joseph Hooker
Schofield and Hooker are both listed Major General. The description names both generals, and Cox has each commanding his own force when Hood struck: Hooker's corps (Williams's and Geary's divisions) and Hascall's division of Schofield's Twenty-third Corps, each ordered to entrench by its own commander, with Schofield in person with Hascall. No inspected passage puts either in command of the other or of the side's engaged forces, and the tie leaves no rank fallback (rule 3(c)). The description has Sherman fixing the Confederates in front and extending his right wing, and Cox says Schofield moved in accordance with Sherman's instructions (superior_directing: Sherman). Cox also records Hooker's despatch about three corps drawing Schofield's protest and Sherman's rebuke.
Major Generalarnold-cwsac-commanders, battle GA014, belligerent US, fullname John M. Schofield; column rank · snapshot
6c587c298717…Major Generalarnold-cwsac-commanders, battle GA014, belligerent US, fullname Joseph Hooker; column rank · snapshot
6c587c298717…Warned of Hood's intentions, Union generals John Schofield and Joseph Hooker entrenched.arnold-cwsac-battles, battle GA014; column description · snapshot
952b5d08402a…Hooker immediately or dered Williams to deploy the whole division and throw up breastworks at once. Schofield gave the same orders to Hascall.cox-atlanta-selections-v2 · snapshot
d7ae08f7388f…Confederate: John Bell Hood
Grade A under rule 2; echelon corps_or_wing.
Rule 2, single listing (Lieutenant General). The description has Hood deciding on his own to attack and being forced to withdraw; Hood's reports are those of the corps commander. Johnston moved Hood's corps from the right to the left (description; Cox), but the description and Cox ("apparently on his own responsibility") have Hood attack without Johnston's direction, so Johnston is not recorded as a superior directing (borderline). Hood's note of that night says he was attacked while establishing his line and moved forward; that disputes who began the fight, not who commanded.
Lieutenant Generalarnold-cwsac-commanders, battle GA014, belligerent Confederate, fullname John Bell Hood; column rank · snapshot
6c587c298717…Arriving in his new position at Mt. Zion Church, Hood decided, on his own, to attack.arnold-cwsac-battles, battle GA014; column description · snapshot
952b5d08402a…C. S. Army, commanding corps, of operations May 7 -July 17or38-3-hood-atlanta-selections-v1 · snapshot
a17deedab555…Side strength (ledger v3)
US: grade D: no usable figure (modelled in the rating runs)
whole_engagement_leakage
Confederate: grade D: no usable figure (modelled in the rating runs)
whole_engagement_leakage
Dossier claims
Draft dossier, revision atlanta-review-correction-2026-09-25. Claims are extraction records with their quoted passages, not historical adjudication. JSON
information
disputedunresolved Cox says prisoners taken in the skirmishing belonged to Hood's corps and reported Hood and Hardee ready to attack, so Hooker and Schofield ordered breastworks, and that Gallup's advanced regiment learned from prisoners that Hood's corps had just arrived. Hood says he was attacked while establishing his line after Ferguson's cavalry was driven back. NPS says Schofield and Hooker were warned and entrenched.
Attributed knowledge from interested accounts and a summary; Hood's framing of who attacked conflicts with Cox and NPS. No message log inspected.
these were found to belong to Hood's corps, and reported both Hood and Hardee prepared to attack.cox-atlanta-selections-v2, p.110 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
d7ae08f7388f…learned from them that Hood's corps had just come from the enemy's ex treme right and was preparing to assault.cox-atlanta-selections-v2, p.111 (inferred page: the p.111 running head reads "HI" in OCR; not checked against print) · snapshot
d7ae08f7388f…General Ferguson’s cavalry being driven back to-day while estab¬ lishing my line, I was attacked.or38-3-hood-atlanta-selections-v1, p.760 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
a17deedab555…Warned of Hood's intentions, Union generals John Schofield and Joseph Hooker entrenched.nps-ga014-v1, Description · snapshot
1e6c0b521b79…logistics
unknownunresolved
No battle-specific supply, ammunition or transport return was inspected. Retrospective descriptions are not readiness measures. The inspected passages describe June supply and mud generally, not this action.
objectives
disputedunresolved Cox says Johnston moved Hood's corps from right to left because of concern for the Marietta and Powder Springs road, and that Hood, apparently on his own responsibility, hoped to outflank the Union army and catch it in motion. NPS says Hood decided on his own to attack. Hood's report says he was attacked and moved forward.
Stated or attributed aims; Hood's own account does not claim an intended attack. Not a causal estimate.
Johnston had begun to be concerned for the Marietta and Powder Springs road,cox-atlanta-selections-v2, p.108 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
d7ae08f7388f…which seems to have been made by Hood upon his own responsibility.cox-atlanta-selections-v2, p.112 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
d7ae08f7388f…He evidently hoped that he could out flank the National army on that side, and by catching them in motion by columns, could gain some decided advantage.cox-atlanta-selections-v2, p.112 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
d7ae08f7388f…I moved forward and drove the enemy back,or38-3-hood-atlanta-selections-v1, p.760 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
a17deedab555…outcome
disputedpost_outcome The frozen and live results read Union victory. Cox says the repulse was complete and the Confederates retreated to their entrenchments. Hood's report that night says he drove the enemy back, taking one line of breastworks and part of a second, and his corps report says the divisions drove the enemy from two lines of works. NPS says Sherman's envelopment had momentarily failed.
Retain the original result and engagement interval; later movements and campaign contribution are different measures. No new probabilities or individual causal credit. Hood's account of taking works conflicts with Cox and the frozen result.
ketry, the repulse of the Confederates was complete and they retreated to their intrenchments.cox-atlanta-selections-v2, p.111 (inferred page: the p.111 running head reads "HI" in OCR; not checked against print) · snapshot
d7ae08f7388f…taking one entire line of his breast-works and a portion of his second on the right.or38-3-hood-atlanta-selections-v1, p.760 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
a17deedab555…driving him from two lines of works and capturing some prisoners belonging to Schofield and Hooker.or38-3-hood-atlanta-selections-v1, p.762 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
a17deedab555…Sherman's attempts at envelopment had momentarily failed.nps-ga014-v1, Description · snapshot
1e6c0b521b79…disputedpost_outcome The frozen and live casualty texts read 1,350 (US 350; CS 1,000). Cox says Johnston admitted a loss of about a thousand, that Williams reported 130, Geary's loss was trifling and Hascall's about the same as Williams's, and that nearly sixty Confederate dead lay before Gallup's regiment. Hood's note gives no totals.
Original casualty returns were not inspected; preserve totals, categories, cutoffs and differences. No canonical reconciliation or casualty-based opening count; related actions must not be added without resolving population overlap. Cox's Union components are partial; the frozen Union 350 has no inspected basis.
1,350 total (US 350; CS 1,000)arnold-cwsac-battles, battle GA014; column casualties_text · snapshot
952b5d08402a…Johnston admitted a loss of " about a thousand " in this combat,cox-atlanta-selections-v2, p.112 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
d7ae08f7388f…Williams reported a loss of only 130 men, Geary's was trifling, and Hascall's about the same as Williams's.cox-atlanta-selections-v2, p.113 (inferred page: the p.113 running head reads "H3" in OCR; not checked against print) · snapshot
d7ae08f7388f…nearly sixty Confederate dead still lying on that part of the field the next day,cox-atlanta-selections-v2, p.112 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
d7ae08f7388f…responsibility
supportedunresolved Cox says Hooker had Williams deploy and entrench and Schofield gave the same order to Hascall; that Hooker's despatch about three corps drew Schofield's protest and Sherman's rebuke. Hood reports Colonel Walker killed and Colonel Cook wounded. The frozen commanders are Lieutenant General John Bell Hood, Major General John M. Schofield and Major General Joseph Hooker; the live page gives General John Hood and Major General John Schofield.
Attributed judgments from an interested history (Cox served under Schofield) and report; the frozen commanders do not receive automatic sole credit, and the live ranks are not adopted.
Hooker immediately or dered Williams to deploy the whole division and throw up breastworks at once. Schofield gave the same orders to Hascall.cox-atlanta-selections-v2, p.110 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
d7ae08f7388f…Schofield, on being informed of the despatch sent by Hooker, indignantly declared it in excusably wrong,cox-atlanta-selections-v2, p.114 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
d7ae08f7388f…indicated his dislike of such sensational reports,cox-atlanta-selections-v2, p.114 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
d7ae08f7388f…Colonel Walker, of Third Tennessee, was killed, and Colonel Cook, commanding Brown’s brigade, severely wounded.or38-3-hood-atlanta-selections-v1, p.760 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
a17deedab555…Lieutenant Generalarnold-cwsac-commanders, battle GA014, belligerent Confederate, fullname John Bell Hood; column rank · snapshot
6c587c298717…Major Generalarnold-cwsac-commanders, battle GA014, belligerent US, fullname John M. Schofield; column rank · snapshot
6c587c298717…Major Generalarnold-cwsac-commanders, battle GA014, belligerent US, fullname Joseph Hooker; column rank · snapshot
6c587c298717…strength
unknownunresolved
No inspected return establishes matched personnel at a common opening boundary. The frozen side-specific numerical strength bounds are blank (missing_numeric_strength). No figure in this pass is adopted as a simultaneous opening force.
disputedunresolved The frozen force fields read Two corps [US] and Hood s Corps [CS] without counts; the live field reads zero. Cox says Hood attacked with his whole corps, Hindman's and Stevenson's divisions in front and Stewart in support, and that Hooker reported, from prisoners' second-hand information, being attacked by three corps. Hood's report of that night says Stevenson's division was mainly engaged and Hindman's slightly. Cox writes that, in the style of Confederate reports, one could say Hood's corps attacked two brigades and was defeated, but argues that the whole force within supporting distance on each side should be counted.
Formation statements that conflict in scope; no count is inspected and none is adopted. The live zero is not measured absence.
Two corps [US]; Hood s Corps [CS]arnold-cwsac-battles, battle GA014; column forces_text · snapshot
952b5d08402a…which was made with his whole corps, Hindman's and Stevenson's divisions in front, supported by Stewart.cox-atlanta-selections-v2, p.108 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
d7ae08f7388f…Hooker reported to General Sherman that he had been attacked by three corps,cox-atlanta-selections-v2, p.114 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
d7ae08f7388f…General Stevenson’s division was mainly engaged ; Hind¬ man’s slightly.or38-3-hood-atlanta-selections-v1, p.760 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
a17deedab555…Hood's corps attacked two brigades and were defeated.cox-atlanta-selections-v2, p.113 (inferred page: the p.113 running head reads "H3" in OCR; not checked against print) · snapshot
d7ae08f7388f…it is every way fairer, in such cases, to consider the forces of both attack and defence with reference to the whole numbers within supporting distance on both sides.cox-atlanta-selections-v2, p.114 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
d7ae08f7388f…terrain
supportedunresolved Cox describes ravines with small marshy brooks between Geary's and Williams's divisions, a convex front for Williams, thick woods along the Marietta road, and an attack that gained ground only to come into open ground under Union guns. Hood says his pursuit was stopped by enfilading fire of sixteen guns from a bald hill. NPS credits Union artillery and swampy terrain.
Ground described by interested accounts and a summary; no map verification. Union positions were taken that day and are not tagged inherited.
Eavines with small marshy brooks ran down between Geary and Williams into Noses Creek behind them,cox-atlanta-selections-v2, p.110 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
d7ae08f7388f…The conformation of the ground gave Williams a convex front,cox-atlanta-selections-v2, p.110 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
d7ae08f7388f…The ground along the Marietta road was thickly wooded,cox-atlanta-selections-v2, p.111 (inferred page: the p.111 running head reads "HI" in OCR; not checked against print) · snapshot
d7ae08f7388f…this only brought him into open ground.cox-atlanta-selections-v2, p.110 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
d7ae08f7388f…The pursuit was stopped because of encountering an enfilading fire from a bald hill in front of Hardee of sixteen pieces.or38-3-hood-atlanta-selections-v1, p.760 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
a17deedab555…Union artillery and swampy terrain thwarted Hood's attacknps-ga014-v1, Description · snapshot
1e6c0b521b79…Open questions
- Hooker's, Williams's, Geary's, Schofield's and Hascall's reports, Stevenson's and Hindman's division reports, Johnston's report (not a family here) and the compiled returns remain deferred.
- NPS/CWSAC (the live battle page and the frozen Arnold rows) is one family. Cox's Atlanta (Scribner, 1882) is a second: a retrospective Union history by the Twenty-third Corps division commander, drawing on official reports and memoirs, so it is not independent of them. Hood's June 22, 1864 note and corps report, printed in Volume XXXVIII Part 3, are a third family (interested Confederate accounts). Official Records Series I Volume XXXVIII is a shared container, not an additional witness. Report dates are not event times or proof of contemporary knowledge.
- No automatic commander attribution, causal campaign score, morale/readiness number or battle/campaign double counting. Campaign-wide strength and loss totals are context, not assigned to one record.