Lovejoy's Station GA021
1864-08-20 to 1864-08-20 · GA · Atlanta Campaign [May-September 1864] · frozen result: Confederate · NPS summary (as listed)
While Confederate Maj. Gen. Joseph Wheeler was absent raiding Union supply lines from North Georgia to East Tennessee, Maj. Gen. William Sherman, unconcerned, sent Judson Kilpatrick to raid Rebel supply lines. Leaving on August 18, Kilpatrick hit the Atlanta & West Point Railroad that evening, tearing up a small area of tracks. Next, Kilpatrick headed for Lovejoy's Station on the Macon & Western Railroad. In transit, on the 19th, Kilpatrick's men hit the Jonesborough supply depot on the Macon & Western Railroad, burning great amounts of supplies. On the 20th, they reached Lovejoy's Station and began their destruction. Rebel infantry (Cleburne's Division) appeared and the raiders were forced to fight into the night, finally fleeing to prevent encirclement. Although Kilpatrick had destroyed supplies and track at Lovejoy's Station, the railroad line was back in operation in two days.
Command responsibility (ledger v2)
US: H. Judson Kilpatrick
Grade A under rule 2; echelon division. superior_directing
Rule 2, single listing. Kilpatrick reports leaving Sandtown with the Third Cavalry Division, two brigades of the Second and two batteries, and directing the fight at Lovejoy's on the 20th; Minty, Long and Murray led parts of the command. The description has Sherman sending Kilpatrick on the raid (superior_directing: Sherman).
Brigadier Generalarnold-cwsac-commanders, battle GA021, belligerent US, fullname H. Judson Kilpatrick; column rank · snapshot
6c587c298717…sent Judson Kilpatrick to raid Rebel supply linesarnold-cwsac-battles, battle GA021; column description · snapshot
952b5d08402a…I left my camp at Sandtown on the evening of the 18th instant with the Third Cavalry Divisionor38-2-kilpatrick-lovejoy-selections-v1 · snapshot
7eaec5db2e3a…Confederate: William H. Jackson
Grade A under rule 2; echelon division. superior_directing
Rule 2, single listing. Cox says Hood sent Jackson to meet the raid, and Kilpatrick names Jackson's division as the cavalry that enveloped and then broke before his charge on the 20th (superior_directing: Hood). The infantry Kilpatrick met first at the station (a brigade, per Kilpatrick; Cleburne's Division, per the description) is not shown under Jackson's command, and no passage names another officer as commanding the side's engaged forces. Ross's brigade of Jackson's division fought on the 18th and 19th, before the frozen date.
Brigadier Generalarnold-cwsac-commanders, battle GA021, belligerent Confederate, fullname William H. Jackson; column rank · snapshot
6c587c298717…Hood had sufficient notice, however, to send Jack son to meet himcox-atlanta-selections-v2 · snapshot
d7ae08f7388f…General Jackson’s division, 4,000 strongor38-2-kilpatrick-lovejoy-selections-v1 · snapshot
7eaec5db2e3a…Side strength (ledger v3)
US: grade C, 4,500 (3,150–5,850)
applicability_unresolvedbasis_mixedsingle_inputwhole_engagement_leakage
| Input | Class | Printed | Basis | Bound | Codes | Passage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| us-kilpatrick | C | 4,500 | unknown | engagement_link_unknown | dossier claim reported-force-scope |
Confederate: grade C, 3,000 (2,000–4,000)
applicability_unresolvedbasis_mixedopponent_estimate_pointsingle_inputwhole_engagement_leakage
| Input | Class | Printed | Basis | Bound | Codes | Passage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| cs-kilpatrick-jackson | C | 4,000 | unknown | adversary_or_hearsay_estimatescope_unresolved | dossier claim reported-force-scope | |
| cs-kilpatrick-ross | bound | 1,100 | unknown | lower | adversary_or_hearsay_estimatepartial_scope | dossier claim reported-force-scope |
Dossier claims
Draft dossier, revision atlanta-review-correction-2026-09-25. Claims are extraction records with their quoted passages, not historical adjudication. JSON
information
supportedunresolved Kilpatrick says he found himself completely enveloped by cavalry, infantry and artillery within twenty minutes, and on the 23rd disputed the impression at headquarters that little damage had been done to the railroad. Cox says Hood had sufficient notice to send Jackson. NPS calls Sherman unconcerned about Wheeler's absence.
Attributed knowledge from an interested report, a history and a summary; no message log inspected.
In twenty minutes I found that I was completely enveloped by cavalry and infantry, with artillery.or38-2-kilpatrick-lovejoy-selections-v1, p.859 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
7eaec5db2e3a…the impression at headquarters that he had done but little damage to the railroad is erroneous.or38-2-kilpatrick-lovejoy-selections-v1, p.855 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
7eaec5db2e3a…Hood had sufficient notice, however,cox-atlanta-selections-v2, p.195 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
d7ae08f7388f…Maj. Gen. William Sherman, unconcerned, sent Judson Kilpatrick to raid Rebel supply lines.nps-ga021-v1, Description · snapshot
0669e3eedd56…logistics
supportedunresolved Kilpatrick says his command fought the infantry for an hour and forty minutes and retired only when it had just enough ammunition left to secure the retreat, and that one gun burst and another was thrown into Cotton Indian Creek when its carriage was disabled. NPS says the raiders burned great amounts of supplies at the Jonesborough depot on the 19th.
Condition statements from an interested report and a summary; no ordnance return inspected.
fought successfully the enemy’s infantry for one hour and forty minutes, and only retired when it was found that we had left only sufficient ammunition to make sure our retreat.or38-2-kilpatrick-lovejoy-selections-v1, p.859 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
7eaec5db2e3a…that a gun-carriage of another gun became disabled and the gun thrown into Cotton Indian Creek.or38-2-kilpatrick-lovejoy-selections-v1, p.856 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
7eaec5db2e3a…one gun belonging to the Chicago Board of Trade Battery exploded in the engagement near McDonough ;or38-2-kilpatrick-lovejoy-selections-v1, p.856 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
7eaec5db2e3a…Kilpatrick's men hit the Jonesborough supply depot on the Macon & Western Railroad, burning great amounts of supplies.nps-ga021-v1, Description · snapshot
0669e3eedd56…objectives
supportedunresolved Kilpatrick says the raid's purpose was to attack and destroy the enemy's communications; Cox says Kilpatrick was sent to make a lasting break in the Macon road, and that Sherman then concluded only a movement in force would give permanent results.
Stated aims from interested accounts; not a causal estimate.
to attack and destroy the enemy’s communications.or38-2-kilpatrick-lovejoy-selections-v1, p.858 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
7eaec5db2e3a…patrick was sent with a large division of cavalry to make a lasting break, if possible, in the Macon road.cox-atlanta-selections-v2, p.195 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
d7ae08f7388f…Sherman was now convinced that he could expect no per manent results from cutting the enemy's communications, unless it were done in force,cox-atlanta-selections-v2, p.196 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
d7ae08f7388f…outcome
disputedpost_outcome The frozen and live results read Confederate victory. Kilpatrick says he was repulsed at the station, then routed Jackson's division in 'the most perfect rout any cavalry has sustained during the war', and destroyed four miles of the Macon road. Cox says no permanent interruption of the railway was made; NPS says the raiders fled to prevent encirclement and the line was running again in two days.
Retain the original result and engagement interval; later movements and campaign contribution are different measures. No new probabilities or individual causal credit. Kilpatrick's rout claim conflicts with the frozen result and the NPS account.
tered a brigade of infantry — was repulsed ;or38-2-kilpatrick-lovejoy-selections-v1, p.859 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
7eaec5db2e3a…It was the most perfect rout any cavalry has sus¬ tained during the war.or38-2-kilpatrick-lovejoy-selections-v1, p.859 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
7eaec5db2e3a…We effectively destroyed four miles of the Macon road,or38-2-kilpatrick-lovejoy-selections-v1, p.859 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
7eaec5db2e3a…no permanent interruption of the railway was made,cox-atlanta-selections-v2, p.195 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
d7ae08f7388f…the railroad line was back in operation in two days.nps-ga021-v1, Description · snapshot
0669e3eedd56…disputedpost_outcome The frozen casualty text reads Unknown; the live field reads 477 (US 237; CS 240). Kilpatrick says his whole loss on the raid would not exceed 300, of whom 200 were killed and wounded; that he captured 4 guns (3 destroyed, 1 brought off) and 3 flags; and that the enemy's killed and wounded were known to be large.
Original casualty returns were not inspected; preserve totals, categories, cutoffs and differences. No canonical reconciliation or casualty-based opening count; related actions must not be added without resolving population overlap. Kilpatrick's figure covers August 18-22, not the frozen date alone.
My entire loss in killed, wounded, and missing will not exceed 300 men.or38-2-kilpatrick-lovejoy-selections-v1, p.859 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
7eaec5db2e3a…Two 'hundred of this number were killed and wounded.or38-2-kilpatrick-lovejoy-selections-v1, p.859 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
7eaec5db2e3a…We captured 4 guns (3 were destroyed and 1 brought off) ; 3 battle-flags were taken ;or38-2-kilpatrick-lovejoy-selections-v1, p.859 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
7eaec5db2e3a…his killed and wounded is known to be large.or38-2-kilpatrick-lovejoy-selections-v1, p.859 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
7eaec5db2e3a…responsibility
supportedunresolved Kilpatrick says he and his command were saved at the repulse by Minty, Long and Estes, and that Minty's and Murray's charges broke through. Cox says Kilpatrick did some brilliant fighting. The frozen commanders are Brigadier General William H. Jackson and Brigadier General H. Judson Kilpatrick; the live page gives Brigadier General Hugh Kilpatrick and Brigadier General William Jackson.
Attributed judgments from an interested report and history; Minty and Long are not listed commanders; the frozen commanders do not receive automatic sole credit.
I and my command only saved by the prompt and daring [bravery] of Colonels Minty and Long, and Captain Estes,or38-2-kilpatrick-lovejoy-selections-v1, p.859 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
7eaec5db2e3a…Colonel Minty, with his com¬ mand in three columns, charged, broke, and rode over the enemy’s left.or38-2-kilpatrick-lovejoy-selections-v1, p.859 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
7eaec5db2e3a…and had done some brilliant fighting,cox-atlanta-selections-v2, p.195 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
d7ae08f7388f…Brigadier Generalarnold-cwsac-commanders, battle GA021, belligerent Confederate, fullname William H. Jackson; column rank · snapshot
6c587c298717…Brigadier Generalarnold-cwsac-commanders, battle GA021, belligerent US, fullname H. Judson Kilpatrick; column rank · snapshot
6c587c298717…strength
unknownunresolved
No inspected return establishes matched personnel at a common opening boundary. The frozen side-specific numerical strength bounds are blank (missing_numeric_strength). No figure in this pass is adopted as a simultaneous opening force.
disputedunresolved The frozen force fields name Kilpatrick's and Jackson's cavalry divisions without counts; the live field reads zero. Kilpatrick says he set out with his own division, two brigades of the Second Division and two batteries, 4,500 men; that Ross's brigade was 1,100 strong and Jackson's division 4,000; and that at Lovejoy's he met a brigade of infantry. NPS names Cleburne's division as the infantry. Cox says Hood sent Jackson to meet the raid.
One-side and estimated figures; the infantry's scope differs (brigade against division). None is adopted. The live zero is not measured absence.
Kilpatrick's Cavalry Division [US]; Jackson's Cavalry Division [CS]arnold-cwsac-battles, battle GA021; column forces_text · snapshot
952b5d08402a…two batteries of artillery, numbering 4,500 men,or38-2-kilpatrick-lovejoy-selections-v1, p.858 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
7eaec5db2e3a…General Ross’ brigade, 1,100 strong,or38-2-kilpatrick-lovejoy-selections-v1, p.858 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
7eaec5db2e3a…General Jackson’s division, 4,000 strong,or38-2-kilpatrick-lovejoy-selections-v1, p.859 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
7eaec5db2e3a…tered a brigade of infantryor38-2-kilpatrick-lovejoy-selections-v1, p.859 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
7eaec5db2e3a…Hood had sufficient notice, however, to send Jack son to meet him,cox-atlanta-selections-v2, p.195 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
d7ae08f7388f…terrain
supportedunresolved Kilpatrick says the Confederates built long lines of barricades on every side while his men remounted, that the Flint River bridge was burned before him on the 19th, and that his command swam Cotton Indian Creek and crossed South River on the 21st.
Ground from an interested report; no map verification. The barricades were built during the action and are not tagged inherited.
During the delay the enemy constructed long lines of barricades on every side.or38-2-kilpatrick-lovejoy-selections-v1, p.859 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
7eaec5db2e3a…crossed Flint River at 2 p. m., destroying the bridge.or38-2-kilpatrick-lovejoy-selections-v1, p.858 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
7eaec5db2e3a…We swam Cotton Indian Creek and crossed South River on the morning of the 21st,or38-2-kilpatrick-lovejoy-selections-v1, p.859 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
7eaec5db2e3a…Open questions
- Kilpatrick's 'report of this morning' of August 23 (not found in No. 411), Murray's, Minty's and Long's reports, Jackson's and Ross's reports, Cleburne's division records and the casualty list printed with Kilpatrick's report remain deferred.
- NPS/CWSAC (the live battle page and the frozen Arnold rows) is one family. Cox's Atlanta (Scribner, 1882) is a second: a retrospective Union history by the Twenty-third Corps division commander, drawing on official reports and memoirs, so it is not independent of them. Kilpatrick's August 23 dispatch and September 13 report, printed in Volume XXXVIII Part 2, are a third family (interested Union accounts). Official Records Series I Volume XXXVIII is a shared container, not an additional witness. Report dates are not event times or proof of contemporary knowledge.
- No automatic commander attribution, causal campaign score, morale/readiness number or battle/campaign double counting. Campaign-wide strength and loss totals are context, not assigned to one record.