Camp Wildcat KY002

1861-10-21 to 1861-10-21 · KY · Operations in Eastern Kentucky [September-December 1861] · frozen result: Union · NPS summary (as listed)

CWSAC description
Brig. Gen. Felix Zollicoffer's men occupied Cumberland Gap and took position at Cumberland Ford to counter the Unionist activity in the area. Brig. Gen. George H. Thomas sent a detachment under Col. T.T. Garrard to secure the ford on the Rockcastle River, establish a camp at Wildcat Mountain, and obstruct the Wilderness road passing through the area. Col. Garrard informed Thomas that if he did not receive reinforcements, he would have to retreat because he was outnumbered seven to one. Thomas sent Brig. Gen. A. Schoepf with what amounted to a brigade of men to Col. Garrard, bringing the total force to about 7,000. On the morning of October 21, soon after Schoepf arrived, some of his men moved forward and ran into Rebel forces, commencing a fight. The Federals repelled the Confederate attacks, in part due to fortifications, both man-made and natural. The Confederates withdrew during the night and continued their retreat to Cumberland Ford, which they reached on the 26th. A Union victory was welcomed, countering the Confederate victory at Barbourville.

Command responsibility (ledger v2)

US: Albin F. Schoepf

Grade A under rule 2; echelon unknown. superior_directing

Rule 2, single listing. The description has Schoepf arrive with about a brigade before his men met the Confederates, and Schoepf reports the fight, with the men 'under the immediate command of Colonels Coburn and Wolford' (subordinates), and writes 'I can hold my position with my present force'. Garrard held the camp before Schoepf arrived. Echelon unknown: 'what amounted to a brigade' describes only Schoepf's reinforcement, and the description puts the combined force at about 7,000. Thomas sent Garrard and then Schoepf, and Schoepf awaits his orders (superior_directing: Thomas, the v1 listing 'George H. Thomas'); Thomas was at Camp Dick Robinson.

Brigadier General
arnold-cwsac-commanders, battle KY002, belligerent US, fullname Albin F. Schoepf; column rank · snapshot 6c587c298717…
soon after Schoepf arrived, some of his men moved forward and ran into Rebel forces, commencing a fight.
arnold-cwsac-battles, battle KY002; column description · snapshot 952b5d08402a…
under the immediate command of Colonels Coburn and Wolforcl.
or4-schoepf-wildcat-selections-v1 · snapshot daa6d9c9d5f7…
I can hold my position with my present force against an equal or superior number, should the enemy again attack.
or4-schoepf-wildcat-selections-v1 · snapshot daa6d9c9d5f7…

Confederate: Felix Zollicoffer

Grade A under rule 2; echelon brigade.

Rule 2, single listing. Zollicoffer reports reaching the camp and reconnoitering in force under fire for several hours, then falling back; he writes from brigade headquarters.

Brigadier General
arnold-cwsac-commanders, battle KY002, belligerent Confederate, fullname Felix Zollicoffer; column rank · snapshot 6c587c298717…
Having reconnoitered in force under heavy fire for several hours
or4-zollicoffer-kentucky-selections-v1 · snapshot 30c57d602733…
On the 21st I reached the enemy's intrenched camp
or4-zollicoffer-kentucky-selections-v1 · snapshot 30c57d602733…
BRIGADE HEADQUARTERS, Camp Buckner, October 26, 1861.
or4-zollicoffer-kentucky-selections-v1 · snapshot 30c57d602733…

Side strength (ledger v3)

US: grade A, 7,000 (6,650–7,350)

basis_mixedcompiled_dependencederivation_unknownwhole_engagement_leakage

InputClassPrintedBasisBoundCodesPassage
us-cwA7,000reported_engagedderivation_unknown
7,000
arnold-cwsac-forces, battle KY002, belligerent US; column description · snapshot a462f6be964b…
us-npsA7,000reported_engagedderivation_unknowndossier claim reported-force-scope
us-nps-descB7,000unknownderivation_unknowndossier claim reported-force-scope
us-zollicoffer-7000C7,000unknownadversary_or_hearsay_estimatedossier claim reported-force-scope

Confederate: grade C, 5,250 (3,500–7,000)

basis_mixedopponent_estimate_pointsingle_inputwhole_engagement_leakage

InputClassPrintedBasisBoundCodesPassage
cs-schoepf-7000C7,000unknownadversary_or_hearsay_estimatedossier claim reported-force-scope

Dossier claims

Draft dossier, revision . Claims are extraction records with their quoted passages, not historical adjudication. JSON

information

supportedunresolved Zollicoffer says he reconnoitred in force under fire for several hours and concluded the camp could not be carried without immense exposure, and that the enemy received large reinforcements. Schoepf's account of the day went up in a rough pencil note not printed; his October 22 report relies on scouts and prisoners.

Knowledge attributed in the two reports; the pencil note was not inspected.

Having reconnoitered in force under heavy fire for several hours
or4-zollicoffer-kentucky-selections-v1, p.210 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 30c57d602733…
The enemy received large re-enforcements.
or4-zollicoffer-kentucky-selections-v1, p.210 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 30c57d602733…
I sent an express to your headquarters yesterday, with a rough
or4-schoepf-wildcat-selections-v1, p.206 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot daa6d9c9d5f7…
I sent out scouts this morning to ascertain his where abouts.
or4-schoepf-wildcat-selections-v1, p.207 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot daa6d9c9d5f7…

logistics

supportedunresolved Zollicoffer says he advanced under disability for want of subsistence and transportation, exhausted the forage for fifteen miles in a day and had nearly exhausted his subsistence. Schoepf asked for provisions of all kinds, artillery ammunition and caps.

Supply statements from the two commanders' reports; not returns.

under disability to an embarrassing extent for want of subsistence and transportation.
or4-zollicoffer-kentucky-selections-v1, p.209 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 30c57d602733…
The country is so poor we had exhausted the forage on the road for 15 miles back in twenty-four hours. Our subsistence nearly exhausted.
or4-zollicoffer-kentucky-selections-v1, p.210 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 30c57d602733…
Please send me supplies of provisions of all kinds.
or4-schoepf-wildcat-selections-v1, p.206 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot daa6d9c9d5f7…
I yesterday asked for artillery ammunition a*nd caps for rifles
or4-schoepf-wildcat-selections-v1, p.207 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot daa6d9c9d5f7…

objectives

supportedunresolved Zollicoffer says he became satisfied the camp could not be carried except by immense exposure and fell back next day; Schoepf says he could hold his position against an equal or superior number and on October 23 proposed advancing on Cumberland Gap.

Stated decisions from the two reports.

I became satisfied that it could not be carried other wise than by immense exposure, if at all.
or4-zollicoffer-kentucky-selections-v1, p.210 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 30c57d602733…
Under these circumstances I deemed it proper the next day to fall bade.
or4-zollicoffer-kentucky-selections-v1, p.210 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 30c57d602733…
I can hold my position with my present force against an equal or superior number, should the enemy again attack.
or4-schoepf-wildcat-selections-v1, p.207 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot daa6d9c9d5f7…
I can advance to that point (Cumberland Gap) and scatter the forces of Zollicoffer en route
or4-schoepf-wildcat-selections-v1, p.207 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot daa6d9c9d5f7…

outcome

disputedpost_outcome The frozen and live results read Union victory; NPS says the Federals repelled the attacks and the Confederates withdrew in the night. Schoepf says the enemy fully retreated toward London; Zollicoffer describes a reconnaissance in force after which he fell back.

Retain the original result and engagement interval; later movements and campaign contribution are different measures. No new probabilities or individual causal credit.

Union victory
arnold-cwsac-battles, battle KY002; column results_text · snapshot 952b5d08402a…
Union Victory
nps-ky002-v1, Results · snapshot 415ac9afb18e…
The Confederates withdrew during the night
nps-ky002-v1, Description · snapshot 415ac9afb18e…
th.e enemy have fully retreated in the direction of London.
or4-schoepf-wildcat-selections-v1, p.207 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot daa6d9c9d5f7…
I deemed it proper the next day to fall bade.
or4-zollicoffer-kentucky-selections-v1, p.210 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 30c57d602733…

disputedpost_outcome The frozen casualty text reads 78 (US 25; CS 53); the live field reads 96 (US 43; CS 53). Schoepf reports 4 killed and 18 wounded and set the enemy's loss at 30 killed, adding a citizen's report that they acknowledged 100 killed. Zollicoffer reports 42 wounded and 11 killed and missing and 21 prisoners taken.

Original casualty returns were not inspected; preserve totals, categories, cutoffs and differences. No canonical reconciliation or casualty-based opening count; related actions must not be added without resolving population overlap. The CS 53 equals Zollicoffer's 42 and 11; that equality is not independent confirmation.

78 total (US 25; CS 53)
arnold-cwsac-battles, battle KY002; column casualties_text · snapshot 952b5d08402a…
96 total (US 43; CS 53;)
nps-ky002-v1, Estimated Casualties · snapshot 415ac9afb18e…
Our loss yesterday is ascertained to be 4 killed and 18 wounded.
or4-schoepf-wildcat-selections-v1, p.207 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot daa6d9c9d5f7…
I set the enemy's loss down at 30 killed, with a large wounded list
or4-schoepf-wildcat-selections-v1, p.207 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot daa6d9c9d5f7…
they acknowledge a loss of 100 killed.
or4-schoepf-wildcat-selections-v1, p.207 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot daa6d9c9d5f7…
Our loss was 42 wounded and 11 killed and missing. We captured 21 prisoners
or4-zollicoffer-kentucky-selections-v1, p.210 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 30c57d602733…

responsibility

supportedunresolved The frozen commanders are Brigadier Generals Felix Zollicoffer and Albin F. Schoepf. Schoepf says the attackers were met by men under the immediate command of Colonels Coburn and Wolford; Zollicoffer led the reconnaissance in force.

Command roles from the two reports; no automatic sole credit.

Brigadier General
arnold-cwsac-commanders, battle KY002, belligerent Confederate, fullname Felix Zollicoffer; column rank · snapshot 6c587c298717…
Brigadier General
arnold-cwsac-commanders, battle KY002, belligerent US, fullname Albin F. Schoepf; column rank · snapshot 6c587c298717…
under the immediate command of Colonels Coburn and Wolforcl.
or4-schoepf-wildcat-selections-v1, p.207 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot daa6d9c9d5f7…
Having reconnoitered in force under heavy fire for several hours
or4-zollicoffer-kentucky-selections-v1, p.210 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 30c57d602733…

strength

unknownunresolved

No inspected return establishes matched personnel at a common opening boundary. Imported numerical estimates remain unchanged; this pass does not validate them as simultaneous opening forces.

disputedunresolved The frozen force field gives the Union garrison and Schoepf's brigade about 7,000 and names Zollicoffer's brigade without a figure; the live field reads US 7,000 and CS 0. NPS says Garrard reported being outnumbered seven to one before Schoepf brought the total to about 7,000. Schoepf says three prisoners each put the enemy at about 7,000. Zollicoffer says the enemy's camp was said to be 7,000 strong with large reserves and, on October 26, that nine regiments were there.

Each side attributes about 7,000 to the other; the CWSAC Union figure is not traced to a return. None is adopted as a matched opening strength. The live CS zero is not measured absence.

Camp Wildcat Garrison and Schoepf's Brigade (approx. 7,000 men) [US]; Zollicoffer's Brigade [CS]
arnold-cwsac-battles, battle KY002; column forces_text · snapshot 952b5d08402a…
7000 total (US 7000; CS 0;)
nps-ky002-v1, Forces Engaged · snapshot 415ac9afb18e…
he was outnumbered seven to one
nps-ky002-v1, Description · snapshot 415ac9afb18e…
bringing the total force to about 7,000
nps-ky002-v1, Description · snapshot 415ac9afb18e…
gave the same statement relative to the strength of the enemy, viz, about 7,000.
or4-schoepf-wildcat-selections-v1, p.207 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot daa6d9c9d5f7…
Enemy's camp said to be 7,000 strong, with large reserves near at hand.
or4-zollicoffer-kentucky-selections-v1, p.210 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 30c57d602733…
I have information that the enemy were nine regiments at Rock- castle Llills.
or4-zollicoffer-kentucky-selections-v1, p.211 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 30c57d602733…

terrain

supportedunresolved Zollicoffer calls the intrenched camp on the Rockcastle Hills a natural fortification, almost inaccessible; NPS credits both man-made and natural fortifications.

Ground and works described by an interested report and a summary; no map verification.

On the 21st I reached the enemy's intrenched camp, on Eockcastle Hills, a natural fortification, almost inaccessible.
or4-zollicoffer-kentucky-selections-v1, p.210 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 30c57d602733…
in part due to fortifications, both man-made and natural.
nps-ky002-v1, Description · snapshot 415ac9afb18e…

Open questions