New Orleans LA002

supportedunresolved Lovell says the general impression was that New Orleans would not be attacked by the river, although he had told the Department on March 22 that the fleet awaited only the mortar vessels; once the fleet passed the forts he judged the city could not be held more than twenty-four hours. Mahan says Richmond expected the dangerous attack from above.

Attributed knowledge from an interested report and a history; the March 22 letter itself was not inspected.

disputedunresolved Mahan says there was food for no more than a few days; Lovell says there was not more than eighteen days' food for the population. Lovell says the powder for the 32-pounder battery had been transferred to the Louisiana, and that most ordnance, provisions and quartermaster's property were sent out of the city by rail or steamer. Mahan describes coal, cotton and shipping burning on the levee.

Supply statements from a history and an interested report; the food estimates differ. Not returns.

supportedunresolved NPS and Mahan say Farragut demanded the city's surrender on the 25th and the hoisting of the United States flag. Lovell says he went to the city to remove troops and stores, refused to surrender, and said he would evacuate and turn the city over to the mayor rather than subject it to bombardment.

Stated aims from a summary, a history and an interested report.

disputedpost_outcome The frozen result reads Union victory and the live result Union Victory. NPS says the city surrendered on April 28. Mahan says the mayor announced his submission and Bailey hoisted the flag on the mint, which citizens hauled down the next day; Lovell says he advised the mayor not to surrender the city. Both Lovell and Mahan say the city's fate was decided at the forts.

Retain the original result and engagement interval; later movements and campaign contribution are different measures. No new probabilities or individual causal credit. The form and date of the city's surrender differ between the summary and the inspected accounts.

supportedpost_outcome The frozen casualty text reads None, and the live field reads zero. Neither Lovell nor Mahan gives a loss figure for the fire at the batteries below the city on April 25; Lovell says the fire was returned as long as the powder lasted, with little apparent effect.

Original casualty returns were not inspected; preserve totals, categories, cutoffs and differences. No canonical reconciliation or casualty-based opening count; related actions must not be added without resolving population overlap. An absent figure is not a measured zero. The frozen force table's casualty fields read 0 for each side; those zeros are not measured zeros either.

supportedunresolved Lovell ordered M. L. Smith, commanding the interior lines, to resist at the batteries below the city, and regretted that he had no control of the defenses afloat. Mahan says Farragut sent 250 marines ashore on the 29th and that the city was turned over to Butler on the evening of May 1; NPS says Butler's army began landing that day. The frozen commanders are Major General Mansfield Lovell, Flag Officer David G. Farragut and Major General Benjamin Franklin Butler; the live page gives Farragut as Admiral and does not list Butler.

Command roles from an interested report, a history and a summary; the listed commanders do not receive automatic sole credit, and the live rank is not adopted.

unknownunresolved

No inspected return establishes matched personnel at a common opening boundary. The frozen side-specific numerical strength bounds are blank (missing_numeric_strength). No figure in this pass is adopted as a simultaneous opening force.

supportedunresolved The frozen force field reads Department of the Gulf [US] and Department No. 1 [CS]; the live field reads zero. Lovell says every Confederate soldier but one company had gone to Corinth and the city was held by about 3,000 ninety-day troops, about 1,200 with muskets, against more than 100 guns afloat; on April 25 thirteen ships engaged the batteries five miles below the city, which Mahan says mounted five and nine guns. Mahan says 250 marines were landed on the 29th. No Union army strength is given in the inspected passages.

Militia, ship and gun figures from an interested report and a history; not returns. None is adopted as a matched opening strength. The live zero is not measured absence.

supportedunresolved Mahan says the city lay between the swamps and the Mississippi with a single narrow land exit, and that the river, full to the tops of the levees, let the fleet's guns command the exit and the streets. Lovell says the high water left the Chalmette lines untenable against guns that looked down on the country, and that one ship at Kenner could command the Jackson Railroad.

Ground and water described by a history and an interested report; no map verification. The river's height predates the action.