Fort Bisland LA006
1863-04-12 to 1863-04-13 · LA · Operations in West Louisiana [April 1863] · frozen result: Union · NPS summary (as listed)
In April 1863, Maj. Gen. Nathaniel P. Banks launched an expedition up Bayou Teche in western Louisiana aimed at Alexandria. On April 9, two divisions crossed Berwick Bay from Brashear City to the west side at Berwick. On the 12th, a third division went up the Atchafalaya River to land in the rear of Franklin intending to intercept a Rebel retreat from Fort Bisland or turn the enemy's position. Maj. Gen. Richard Taylor sent Col. Tom Green's regiment to the front to ascertain the enemy's strength and retard his advance. On the 11th, the Yankees began their advance in earnest. Late on the 12th, Union troops arrived outside the defenses in battle line. An artillery barrage ensued from both sides until dark when the Yankees, many of whom were hit by Rebel cannon fire, fell back and camped for the night. About 9:00 am on the 13th, the Union forces again advanced on Fort Bisland. Combat did not begin until after 11:00 am and continued until dusk. In addition to Rebel forces in the earthworks, the gunboat Diana, now in Confederate hands, shelled the Yankees. U.S. gunboats joined the fray in late afternoon. The fighting ceased after this. Later that night, Taylor learned that the Yankee division that went up the Atchafalaya and landed in his rear was now in a position to cut off a Confederate retreat. Taylor began evacuating supplies, men, and weapons, leaving a small force to retard any enemy movement. The next morning, the Yankees found the fort abandoned. Fort Bisland was the only fortification that could have impeded this Union offensive, and it had fallen.
Command responsibility (ledger v2)
US: Nathaniel P. Banks
Grade A under rule 2; echelon army.
Irwin has Banks directing the Bisland attack: he ordered Emory's reinforcement of the left bank and gave the discretionary orders to attack, later recalled. Paine and Weitzel's resolve to attack is subordinate context (rule 2, grade A).
Major Generalarnold-cwsac-commanders, battle LA006, belligerent US, fullname Nathaniel P. Banks; column rank · snapshot
6c587c298717…At the same time Banks ordered Emory to sendirwin-west-louisiana-1863-selections-v1 · snapshot
d8f0c84409fa…Banks gave discretionary orders to Emory and Weit- zel to form for an attackirwin-west-louisiana-1863-selections-v1 · snapshot
d8f0c84409fa…Confederate: Richard Taylor
Grade A under rule 2; echelon army.
Taylor's report, as commander of the District of Western Louisiana, gives his dispositions at Bisland, his planned attack and the evacuation (Irwin concurs). Sibley's failure to organize the attack and Mouton's handling of the east bank are subordinate context (rule 2, grade A).
Major Generalarnold-cwsac-commanders, battle LA006, belligerent Confederate, fullname Richard Taylor; column rank · snapshot
6c587c298717…Report of Map Gen. Richard Taylor, C. S. Army , commanding District of Western Louisianaor15-taylor-west-louisiana-selections-v1 · snapshot
140573f52675…force of our army was disposed of as followsor15-taylor-west-louisiana-selections-v1 · snapshot
140573f52675…I received information that live of the enemy’s gunboatsor15-taylor-west-louisiana-selections-v1 · snapshot
140573f52675…Side strength (ledger v3)
US: grade B, 10,000 (8,500–11,500)
basis_mixedsingle_inputwhole_engagement_leakage
| Input | Class | Printed | Basis | Bound | Codes | Passage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| us-irwin | B | 10,000 | unknown | dossier claim reported-force-scope | ||
| us-taylor-est | bound | 14,000 | unknown | lower | adversary_or_hearsay_estimateone_sided_bound | dossier claim reported-force-scope |
Confederate: grade B, 4,000 (3,400–4,000)
basis_mixedsingle_inputwhole_engagement_leakage
| Input | Class | Printed | Basis | Bound | Codes | Passage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| cs-irwin-taylor | B | 4,000 | unknown | dossier claim reported-force-scope | ||
| cs-taylor-cap | bound | 4,000 | unknown | upper | one_sided_bound | dossier claim reported-force-scope |
Dossier claims
Draft dossier, revision west-louisiana-1863-review-correction-2026-09-25. Claims are extraction records with their quoted passages, not historical adjudication. JSON
information
supportedunresolved Irwin says the Union concentration was almost completely masked from the Confederates and that Banks expected no word from Grover for nearly two days; Taylor sent Green forward to ascertain the enemy's strength. Taylor says he learned about 9 p.m. on April 13 from Reily that the enemy had landed in force at Hudgins' Point; Irwin gives the same hour.
Attributed knowledge from a history and an interested report; no dispatches inspected.
Thus the wliolc movement was almost completely masked from the Confederates,irwin-west-louisiana-1863-selections-v1, p.89 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
d8f0c84409fa…The first news from him was expected to be the sound of his guns in the enemy's rear.irwin-west-louisiana-1863-selections-v1, p.92 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
d8f0c84409fa…to skirmish with the enemy, ascertain his strength, and retard his advance.or15-taylor-west-louisiana-selections-v1, p.388 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
140573f52675…About 9 o’clock on Monday night I received a dispatch from Cplouel Reily, informing me that the enemy had landed a very heavy force at Hudgins’ Point ;or15-taylor-west-louisiana-selections-v1, p.391 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
140573f52675…It w^as nine o'clock on Monday night when Taylor learned ot ( irover's movements and position,irwin-west-louisiana-1863-selections-v1, p.101 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
d8f0c84409fa…logistics
supportedunresolved Taylor ordered the wagons with quartermaster, commissary, medical and ordnance stores started for Franklin before the evacuation and abandoned a 24-pounder siege gun and a disabled howitzer. Irwin says Grover's embarkation of guns and horses caused great trouble and delay, and that two Union batteries' ammunition was giving out on April 13.
Supply statements from an interested report and a history; not returns.
I therefore ordered all the wagons, containing quartermaster, commissary, medical, and ordnance stores, to be started at once on the road to Franklin,or15-taylor-west-louisiana-selections-v1, p.391 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
140573f52675…a 24-pounder siege gun and a 12-pounder howitzer of Cornay’s battery,or15-taylor-west-louisiana-selections-v1, p.392 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
140573f52675…it was not without great trouble and long delay that the guns and horses were got afloat.irwin-west-louisiana-1863-selections-v1, p.91 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
d8f0c84409fa…whose ammunition was giving out.irwin-west-louisiana-1863-selections-v1, p.99 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
d8f0c84409fa…objectives
supportedunresolved Irwin says Banks's purpose was to hold the Confederates where they stood until Grover gained their rear, and that Grover was to land on Grand Lake and cut off Taylor's retreat or attack him in rear. Taylor planned a dawn attack down the west bank with the Diana to force the landing force's recall.
Stated aims from a history and an interested report.
his whole purpose was to hold the Confederates where they stood until he could hear of Grover or from G rover.irwin-west-louisiana-1863-selections-v1, p.99 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
d8f0c84409fa…Grover's instructions were to gain a landing on the shore of Grand Lake, and then marching on Frank- lin, to cut off Taylor's retreat or to attack him in the rear,irwin-west-louisiana-1863-selections-v1, p.104 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
d8f0c84409fa…By leaving a small force behind our earthworks I was satisfied that the other troops, assisted by the Diana,or15-taylor-west-louisiana-selections-v1, p.389 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
140573f52675…outcome
disputedpost_outcome The frozen result reads Union victory and the live result Union Victory. Taylor says the enemy had gained no ground by the close of April 13 and that he evacuated because of the landing in his rear; Irwin and NPS say the Union skirmishers found the works abandoned the next morning.
Retain the original result and engagement interval; later movements and campaign contribution are different measures. No new probabilities or individual causal credit. The position was given up for the turning movement, not taken by assault.
the enemy had gained no ground since its commencement,or15-taylor-west-louisiana-selections-v1, p.390 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
140573f52675…found the Confederates gone.irwin-west-louisiana-1863-selections-v1, p.101 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
d8f0c84409fa…The next morning, the Yankees found the fort abandoned.nps-la006-v1, Description · snapshot
f42bf357f00b…disputedpost_outcome The frozen casualty text reads Total 684 (US 234; CS 450); the live field reads 674 total (US 224; CS 450). Irwin gives the corps' loss as 3 officers and 37 men killed and 8 officers and 176 men wounded (224), and says the Confederate losses were never reported. Taylor says he could not yet estimate his loss; the Diana lost 2 killed and 5 wounded.
Original casualty returns were not inspected; preserve totals, categories, cutoffs and differences. No canonical reconciliation or casualty-based opening count; related actions must not be added without resolving population overlap. Irwin's 224 matches the live Union figure, not the frozen 234.
Total 684 (US 234; CS 450)arnold-cwsac-battles, battle LA006; column casualties_text · snapshot
952b5d08402a…3 officerr. and 37 men killed, 8 officers and 176 men wounded ; in all 224.irwin-west-louisiana-1863-selections-v1, p.102 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
d8f0c84409fa…The losses of the Confederates have never been reportedirwin-west-louisiana-1863-selections-v1, p.102 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
d8f0c84409fa…The loss sustained by us in killed, wounded, and prisoners captured in battle I cannot at present estimate.or15-taylor-west-louisiana-selections-v1, p.394 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
140573f52675…killed 2 men — the chief and one of the assistant engi- neers—and wounded 5 of the crew.or15-taylor-west-louisiana-selections-v1, p.390 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
140573f52675…responsibility
supportedunresolved Taylor says Sibley's delay and refusal frustrated his planned attack and credits Mouton with the defense of the east bank. Irwin says Banks gave discretionary orders for an assault, that Paine and Weitzel resolved to attack, and that Banks recalled the orders when news of Grover arrived. The frozen commanders are Major Generals Richard Taylor and Nathaniel P. Banks, as on the live page.
Command roles from an interested report and a history; the listed commanders do not receive automatic sole credit.
but the supineness of that officer, who delayed communicating with Brigadier-General Mouton until 2 o’clock in the morning,or15-taylor-west-louisiana-selections-v1, p.389 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
140573f52675…The dispositions and handling of his troops by Brigadier- General Mouton are entitled to the highest praise,or15-taylor-west-louisiana-selections-v1, p.390 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
140573f52675…Banks gave discretionary orders to Emory and Weit- zel to form for an attackirwin-west-louisiana-1863-selections-v1, p.100 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
d8f0c84409fa…Paine and Weitzel, after conferring, resolved to attack,irwin-west-louisiana-1863-selections-v1, p.100 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
d8f0c84409fa…With a sense of relief Banks recalled his orders for the assaultirwin-west-louisiana-1863-selections-v1, p.100 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
d8f0c84409fa…Major Generalarnold-cwsac-commanders, battle LA006, belligerent Confederate, fullname Richard Taylor; column rank · snapshot
6c587c298717…Major Generalarnold-cwsac-commanders, battle LA006, belligerent US, fullname Nathaniel P. Banks; column rank · snapshot
6c587c298717…strength
unknownunresolved
No inspected return establishes matched personnel at a common opening boundary. The frozen side-specific numerical strength bounds are blank (missing_numeric_strength). No figure in this pass is adopted as a simultaneous opening force.
disputedunresolved The frozen force field reads Banks's Department of the Gulf, XIX Army Corps [US] and District of Western Louisiana [CS]; the live field reads zero. Irwin says Banks had 10,000 men while Taylor reports 4,000 men with four batteries, estimated at 24 or 25 guns; he says Banks set out with seven brigades and fifty-six guns for the whole campaign. Taylor says at least 14,000 men and about sixty guns were displayed in his front on April 13 against his army of less than 4,000 at the start.
Figures from a history and an interested report; the Union figures differ, and Grover's division, detached to the lake, is inside the campaign total. None is adopted as a matched opening strength. The live zero is not measured absence.
Banks's Department of the Gulf, XIX Army Corps [US]; District of Western Louisiana [CS]arnold-cwsac-battles, battle LA006; column forces_text · snapshot
952b5d08402a…for Banks had 10,000 men withirwin-west-louisiana-1863-selections-v1, p.103 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
d8f0c84409fa…while Taylor reports but 4,000 men with four bat- teries, estimated at 24 or 25 guns.irwin-west-louisiana-1863-selections-v1, p.103 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
d8f0c84409fa…Banks, for greater security, set out with seven brigades and fifty-six guns.irwin-west-louisiana-1863-selections-v1, p.119 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
d8f0c84409fa…the enemy displayed in our front, on both sides of the bayou, at least 14,000 men,or15-taylor-west-louisiana-selections-v1, p.390 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
140573f52675…emy having brought to the front about sixty pieces of artillery,or15-taylor-west-louisiana-selections-v1, p.390 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
140573f52675…which at the commencement of the contest was less than 4,000,or15-taylor-west-louisiana-selections-v1, p.391 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
140573f52675…terrain
supportedunresolved Irwin describes low breastworks across the neck of dry land on both banks of the Teche with their flanks on the swamps, the works partly commanded rather than commanding, the east-bank works only recently thrown up, and a cane field crossed by deep ditches in front. Taylor says his right rested on a swamp and his left on woods ending in a swamp.
Ground described by a history and an interested report; no map verification. The line predates the attack, but part of it was hastily completed, so the phase is left unresolved.
thrown completely across the neck of dr}* land on either bank of the Teche, tlie flanks resting securely on the swampsirwin-west-louisiana-1863-selections-v1, p.94 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
d8f0c84409fa…the works were in part rather commanded than commanding ;irwin-west-louisiana-1863-selections-v1, p.94 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
d8f0c84409fa…had been but recently and hastily thrown up.irwin-west-louisiana-1863-selections-v1, p.97 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
d8f0c84409fa…stretched a field where the young shoots of the sugar-cane stood knee-high.irwin-west-louisiana-1863-selections-v1, p.95 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
d8f0c84409fa…on the extreme right, which rested upon a swampor15-taylor-west-louisiana-selections-v1, p.388 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
140573f52675…which woods terminated on the left in a swamp.or15-taylor-west-louisiana-selections-v1, p.389 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
140573f52675…Open questions
- Banks's No. 1 report and return of casualties, Weitzel's, Emory's, Arnold's and the other Union reports (Nos. 2-23), Kirby Smith's No. 38 and Mouton's No. 40 reports, Sibley's account and the naval reports remain deferred.
- NPS/CWSAC is one family. Richard B. Irwin's History of the Nineteenth Army Corps (Putnam's, 1892), already registered for the Red River pass, is an interested Union history by Irwin, styled on the OCR title page assistant adjutant-general of the corps and of the Department of the Gulf. Its Teche chapters cite Taylor's report and the nominal lists, so it is not independent of them. Taylor's April 23, 1863 report (Official Records Series I, Volume XV, a shared container) is an interested Confederate account; it is placed in the group of his 1864 Red River reports as one author family. Report dates are not event times or proof of contemporary knowledge.
- No automatic commander attribution, causal campaign score, morale/readiness number or battle/campaign double counting.