LaFourche Crossing LA012

1863-06-20 to 1863-06-21 · LA · Taylor's Operations in West Louisiana [June-September 1863] · frozen result: Union · NPS summary (as listed)

CWSAC description
Maj. Gen. Richard Taylor sent an expedition under Col. James P. Major to break Union supply lines, disrupt Union activities and force an enemy withdrawal from Brashear (Morgan) City and Port Hudson. Major set out from Washington, Louisiana, on Bayou Teche, heading south and east. While marching, his men conducted raids on Union forces, boats, and plantations and in the process captured animals and supplies and liberated slaves. Brig. Gen. William H. Emory, commanding the defenses of New Orleans, assigned Lt. Col. Albert Stickney to command in Brashear City and to stem the Rebel raid if possible. Emory informed Stickney of Major's descent on LaFourche Crossing and ordered him to send troops. Feeling that no threat to Brashear City existed, Stickney, himself, led troops off to LaFourche Crossing, arriving on the morning of the 20th. That afternoon, Stickney's scouts reported that the enemy was advancing rapidly. The Rebel forces began driving in Stickney's pickets around 5:00 pm. Confederate cavalry then advanced but was driven back. After the Union troops fired a few rounds, the Confederates withdrew in the direction of Thibodeaux. In the late afternoon of the 21st, Confederate soldiers engaged the Union pickets, and fighting continued for more than an hour before the Rebels retired. About 6:30 pm, the Confederates reappeared in force, started an artillery duel, and charged the Union lines at 7:00 pm. An hour later, the Confederates disengaged and retired toward Thibodeaux. The Union held the field. Despite the defeat, Major's raiders continued on to Brashear City.

Command responsibility (ledger v2)

US: Albert Stickney

Grade A under rule 2; echelon detachment_or_post. superior_directing

Emory placed Stickney in command of the district; Stickney led the troops to La Fourche Crossing on the morning of the 20th, before the pickets were driven in that afternoon, and commanded the force there (Irwin; description). Stickney says he offered the command to the senior Sawtell, who refused, so there is no contradiction (rule 2, grade A). Emory sent the news and ordered troops to the crossing (superior_directing: Emory).

Lieutenant Colonel
arnold-cwsac-commanders, battle LA012, belligerent US, fullname Albert Stickney; column rank · snapshot 6c587c298717…
placed him in command of the district, without regard to rank,
irwin-taylor-louisiana-1863-selections-v1 · snapshot 670aff06f5b5…
Stickney found himself in command of a medley of 838 men
irwin-taylor-louisiana-1863-selections-v1 · snapshot 670aff06f5b5…
Stickney, himself, led troops off to LaFourche Crossing, arriving on the morning of the 20th.
arnold-cwsac-battles, battle LA012; column description · snapshot 952b5d08402a…

Confederate: James P. Major

Grade A under rule 2; echelon brigade. superior_directing

The description and Irwin put Major in command of the raiding brigade that attacked the crossing. Pyron's regiment led the charge: subordinate context (rule 2, grade A). Taylor planned and sent the expedition (superior_directing: Taylor).

Colonel
arnold-cwsac-commanders, battle LA012, belligerent Confederate, fullname James P. Major; column rank · snapshot 6c587c298717…
Maj. Gen. Richard Taylor sent an expedition under Col. James P. Major
arnold-cwsac-battles, battle LA012; column description · snapshot 952b5d08402a…
darkness, Major attacked.
irwin-taylor-louisiana-1863-selections-v1 · snapshot 670aff06f5b5…

Side strength (ledger v3)

US: grade A, 600 (570–880)

compiled_dependencederivation_unknownwhole_engagement_leakage

InputClassPrintedBasisBoundCodesPassage
us-cwA838reported_engagedderivation_unknown
838
arnold-cwsac-forces, battle LA012, belligerent US; column description · snapshot a462f6be964b…
us-npsA838reported_engagedderivation_unknowndossier claim reported-force-scope
us-stickney-502bound502unknownlowerpartial_intervaldossier claim reported-force-scope
us-sawtellbound306unknownlowerpartial_scopedossier claim reported-force-scope
us-stickney-838B838unknowndossier claim reported-force-scope
us-stickney-600A600reported_engageddossier claim reported-force-scope
us-irwin-838B838unknowndossier claim reported-force-scope

Confederate: grade D: no usable figure (modelled in the rating runs)

whole_engagement_leakage

InputClassPrintedBasisBoundCodesPassage
cs-stickney-estbound600unknownloweradversary_or_hearsay_estimatepartial_scopedossier claim reported-force-scope
cs-pyronbound206unknownlowerpartial_scopedossier claim reported-force-scope

Dossier claims

Draft dossier, revision . Claims are extraction records with their quoted passages, not historical adjudication. JSON

information

supportedunresolved Stickney says his cavalry scouts returned without intelligence, that proper scouting would have saved the Thibodeaux detachment, and that smoke held low by the damp air hid the enemy's distance and numbers; he judged Brashear City safe for a day or two. Irwin says Sage's detachment fell back without giving timely notice of Major's march.

Attributed knowledge from an interested report and a history; no telegrams inspected.

returned with no intelligence whatever of any force on the Bayou La Fourche.
or26-1-stickney-la-fourche-selections-v1, p.193 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot da3212f2c24e…
Had their scouting been properly done, there was no necessity whatever of the infantry force at Thibodeaux being captured.
or26-1-stickney-la-fourche-selections-v1, p.193 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot da3212f2c24e…
it was almost impossible to ascertain the distance or numbers of the enemy,
or26-1-stickney-la-fourche-selections-v1, p.196 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot da3212f2c24e…
Judging that there was no danger of any attack at Brashear City, for a day or two, at least,
or26-1-stickney-la-fourche-selections-v1, p.193 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot da3212f2c24e…
thus lost the chance of gaining and giving timely notice of Major's operation.
irwin-taylor-louisiana-1863-selections-v1, p.237 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 670aff06f5b5…

logistics

supportedunresolved Stickney says heavy rain drenched his men for most of June 21, that he fired packages of musket ammunition from the 6-pounder for want of canister, and that the train waiting on the track left without orders when the fight began. Irwin says Major captured about 100 Union soldiers, mostly convalescents, at Thibodeaux.

Supply statements from an interested report and a history; not returns.

A little after noon, a heavy rain commenced and continued until about 6.30 p. m., thoroughly drenching the men,
or26-1-stickney-la-fourche-selections-v1, p.195 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot da3212f2c24e…
Having no canister for the 6-pounder gun, we used in it packages of musket ammunition.
or26-1-stickney-la-fourche-selections-v1, p.196 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot da3212f2c24e…
the train in waiting on the track left at the commencement of the fight without orders,
or26-1-stickney-la-fourche-selections-v1, p.197 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot da3212f2c24e…
At Tbdbodeaux Major picked up all the Union soldiers in the place to the number of about 100, mostly coin-alescents.
irwin-taylor-louisiana-1863-selections-v1, p.237 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 670aff06f5b5…

objectives

supportedunresolved NPS says Taylor sent Major to break Union supply lines and force withdrawals from Brashear City and Port Hudson; Irwin gives Taylor's plan of Major's raid combined with the surprise of Brashear, and says Major set out on June 22 to force his way to Brashear. Stickney went to the crossing on Emory's order to reinforce it.

Stated aims from a summary, a history and an interested report.

to break Union supply lines, disrupt Union activities and force an enemy withdrawal from Brashear (Morgan) City and Port Hudson.
nps-la012-v1, Description · snapshot 41e974efd2e4…
Taylor's plan was for Major, with his brigade of cav- alry, to cross the Atchafalaya at Morgan's k^erry,
irwin-taylor-louisiana-1863-selections-v1, p.236 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 670aff06f5b5…
he set out to force his way to Brashear, where he was expecting to find Green.
irwin-taylor-louisiana-1863-selections-v1, p.239 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 670aff06f5b5…
ordering me to send re- enforcements to that point.
or26-1-stickney-la-fourche-selections-v1, p.193 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot da3212f2c24e…

outcome

supportedpost_outcome The frozen result reads Union victory and the live result Union Victory. Stickney says the Confederates retreated toward Thibodeaux about 8 p.m. leaving many dead and wounded; Irwin says the attack was thrown off. NPS says Major's raiders went on to Brashear City.

Retain the original result and engagement interval; later movements and campaign contribution are different measures. No new probabilities or individual causal credit. The raid's later success at Brashear City is campaign context.

Union victory
arnold-cwsac-battles, battle LA012; column results_text · snapshot 952b5d08402a…
Union Victory
nps-la012-v1, Results · snapshot 41e974efd2e4…
hastily retreated toward Thibodeaux, leaving a great number of their dead and wounded near our lines.
or26-1-stickney-la-fourche-selections-v1, p.196 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot da3212f2c24e…
was received and thrown off by about three quarters of Stickney's force.
irwin-taylor-louisiana-1863-selections-v1, p.239 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 670aff06f5b5…
Despite the defeat, Major's raiders continued on to Brashear City.
nps-la012-v1, Description · snapshot 41e974efd2e4…

disputedpost_outcome The frozen casualty text reads 267 total (US 48; CS 219); the live field reads 268 total (US 49; CS 219). Stickney's table totals 8 killed and 41 wounded (49); he counted 53 Confederate dead inside the pickets, found nearly 60 wounded at Thibodeaux, and inferred a loss of about 300 killed and wounded from an assumed ratio. Irwin gives 8 and 41 and quotes a regimental history's 108 dead delivered and 40 prisoners.

Original casualty returns were not inspected; preserve totals, categories, cutoffs and differences. No canonical reconciliation or casualty-based opening count; related actions must not be added without resolving population overlap. Stickney's 300 is his inference, not a count.

267 total (US 48; CS 219)
arnold-cwsac-battles, battle LA012; column casualties_text · snapshot 952b5d08402a…
268 total (US 49; CS 219;)
nps-la012-v1, Estimated Casualties · snapshot 41e974efd2e4…
8 41 i 49 Total
or26-1-stickney-la-fourche-selections-v1, p.196 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot da3212f2c24e…
the following morning 53 of their dead were counted inside of our pickets.
or26-1-stickney-la-fourche-selections-v1, p.196 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot da3212f2c24e…
from which I conclude that their loss in killed and wounded must have been 300, taking 50 as the number of their killed,
or26-1-stickney-la-fourche-selections-v1, p.196 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot da3212f2c24e…
Stickney's loss was 8 killed and 41 wounded,
irwin-taylor-louisiana-1863-selections-v1, p.239 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 670aff06f5b5…
We delivered to them loS dead. We captured 40 prisoners.
irwin-taylor-louisiana-1863-selections-v1, p.239 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 670aff06f5b5…

responsibility

supportedunresolved Irwin says Emory placed Stickney in command of the district without regard to rank; Stickney says he offered the command to the senior Sawtell, who refused, and arrested a major for hiding. Irwin and Stickney credit Major Morgan of the 176th New York; Stickney says the chargers were mostly Pyron's regiment. The frozen commanders are Colonel James P. Major and Lieutenant Colonel Albert Stickney, as on the live page.

Command roles from a history and an interested report; the listed commanders do not receive automatic sole credit.

placed him in command of the district, without regard to rank,
irwin-taylor-louisiana-1863-selections-v1, p.238 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 670aff06f5b5…
As he was the senior officer, I offered him the command, which he refused.
or26-1-stickney-la-fourche-selections-v1, p.195 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot da3212f2c24e…
I ordered him under arrest,
or26-1-stickney-la-fourche-selections-v1, p.194 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot da3212f2c24e…
For this result the credit is largely due to the gallantry and good judg- ment of Major Morgan Morgan, Jr., of the 1 76th New York,
irwin-taylor-louisiana-1863-selections-v1, p.239 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 670aff06f5b5…
The men who charged upon our lines belonged mostly to the Second Texas Mounted Bangers, Colonel [Charles L.] Pyron,
or26-1-stickney-la-fourche-selections-v1, p.196 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot da3212f2c24e…
Colonel
arnold-cwsac-commanders, battle LA012, belligerent Confederate, fullname James P. Major; column rank · snapshot 6c587c298717…
Lieutenant Colonel
arnold-cwsac-commanders, battle LA012, belligerent US, fullname Albert Stickney; column rank · snapshot 6c587c298717…

strength

unknownunresolved

No inspected return establishes matched personnel at a common opening boundary. Imported numerical estimates remain unchanged; this pass does not validate them as simultaneous opening forces.

disputedunresolved The frozen force field reads 838 men from eight regiments [US] and 2nd Cavalry Brigade [CS]; the frozen Union bound is 838 and the live field reads 838 total (US 838; CS 0). Stickney says his force was about 502 on the evening of June 20, that Sawtell arrived with 306 men that night, and that his actual force in the fight was 838, of whom only about 600 were engaged; he estimates the Confederates in the charge at about 600. Irwin repeats the 838 by organization, says Major reported Pyron's attacking regiment as 206 strong, and that Cahill's arrival on June 22 gave Stickney about 1,100 (printed 'i,icxD' in OCR).

Stickney's 838 is a force present on June 21 and his 600 an engaged estimate; the Confederate figures differ (600 estimated against 206 reported for one regiment). Irwin repeats Stickney's 838. None is adopted as a matched opening strength. The live Confederate zero is not measured absence.

838 men from eight regiments [US]; 2nd Cavalry Brigade [CS]
arnold-cwsac-battles, battle LA012; column forces_text · snapshot 952b5d08402a…
838 total (US 838; CS 0;)
nps-la012-v1, Forces Engaged · snapshot 41e974efd2e4…
our forces amounted to about 502 men,
or26-1-stickney-la-fourche-selections-v1, p.195 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot da3212f2c24e…
arrived with five companies (306 men).
or26-1-stickney-la-fourche-selections-v1, p.195 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot da3212f2c24e…
Our actual force during the fight amounted to 838 men, of whom only about 600 were engaged,
or26-1-stickney-la-fourche-selections-v1, p.196 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot da3212f2c24e…
The actual force of the enemy engaged in the charge on our lines I estimate at about 600 men.
or26-1-stickney-la-fourche-selections-v1, p.196 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot da3212f2c24e…
Stickney found himself in command of a medley of 838 men belonging to eight different organizations
irwin-taylor-louisiana-1863-selections-v1, p.238 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 670aff06f5b5…
The attack was led by Pyron's regiment, reported by Major as 206 strong,
irwin-taylor-louisiana-1863-selections-v1, p.239 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 670aff06f5b5…
This gave Stickney about i,icxD men,
irwin-taylor-louisiana-1863-selections-v1, p.239 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 670aff06f5b5…

terrain

supportedunresolved Stickney describes a levee about twelve feet high carrying the railroad over the bayou, level open country covered with tall grass that he had cut, and slight earthworks nowhere over two feet high; Irwin calls the levee a natural fortification.

Ground described by an interested report and a history that follows it; no map verification. The levee predates the action; the earthworks were Stickney's.

The levee of the Bayou La Fourche is about 12 feet high ;
or26-1-stickney-la-fourche-selections-v1, p.194 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot da3212f2c24e…
The country around was level, affording full play for the artillery, and was covered with tall grass,
or26-1-stickney-la-fourche-selections-v1, p.194 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot da3212f2c24e…
We had begun throwing up slight earthworks, but they were at no point over 2 feet in height,
or26-1-stickney-la-fourche-selections-v1, p.195 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot da3212f2c24e…
The levee at this point was about twelve feet high, forming a natural fortification,
irwin-taylor-louisiana-1863-selections-v1, p.238 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 670aff06f5b5…

Open questions