Donaldsonville LA013

1863-06-28 to 1863-06-28 · LA · Taylor's Operations in West Louisiana [June-September 1863] · frozen result: Union · NPS summary (as listed)

CWSAC description
On June 28, 1863, Confederate Brig. Gen. Jean Alfred Mouton ordered Brig. Gen. Tom Green's and Col. James P. Major's brigades to take Donaldsonville. The Union had built Fort Butler, which the Rebels had to take before occupying the town. On the night of June 27, Green, within a mile and a half of the fort, began moving troops ahead to attack. The attack started soon after midnight, and the Confederates quickly surrounded the fort and began passing through the various obstructions. Unfortunately, those troops attacking along the levee came to a ditch, unknown to them, too wide to cross, that saved the day for the Union garrison. A Union gunboat, Princess Royal, came to the garrison's aid also and began shelling the attackers. Futile Confederate assaults continued for some time but they eventually ceased their operations and retired. This point on the Mississippi remained in Union hands and many other Mississippi River towns were occupied by the Yankees: the Confederates could harass but not eliminate these Union enclaves.

Command responsibility (ledger v2)

US: Joseph D. Bullen

Grade A under rule 2; echelon detachment_or_post.

Irwin says Bullen commanded the Fort Butler garrison. The gunboat Princess Royal's part is not separately attributed (rule 2, grade A).

Major
arnold-cwsac-commanders, battle LA013, belligerent US, fullname Joseph D. Bullen; column rank · snapshot 6c587c298717…
Major Joseph D. Bullen, of the 28th, was in command,
irwin-taylor-louisiana-1863-selections-v1 · snapshot 670aff06f5b5…

Confederate: Tom Green

Grade A under rule 2; echelon unknown. superior_directing

Green's report has him set the plan and brief each regimental commander; the description has him move the troops to the attack. Major led the enveloping column: subordinate context (rule 2, grade A). Mouton ordered the two brigades to take Donaldsonville (superior_directing: Mouton). Green commanded two brigades; the passages give no echelon name.

Brigadier General
arnold-cwsac-commanders, battle LA013, belligerent Confederate, fullname Tom Green; column rank · snapshot 6c587c298717…
Having determined on the plan of attack, I called the officers commanding regiments together,
or26-1-green-louisiana-selections-v1 · snapshot e4569881ab69…
Green, within a mile and a half of the fort, began moving troops ahead to attack.
arnold-cwsac-battles, battle LA013; column description · snapshot 952b5d08402a…

Side strength (ledger v3)

US: grade B, 180 (150–400)

applicability_unresolvedbasis_mixedwhole_engagement_leakage

InputClassPrintedBasisBoundCodesPassage
us-irwin-180B180unknowndossier claim reported-force-scope
us-green-citizensC300–500unknownadversary_or_hearsay_estimateengagement_link_unknowndossier claim reported-force-scope
us-green-500bound500unknownloweradversary_or_hearsay_estimateone_sided_bounddossier claim reported-force-scope

Confederate: grade B, 1,400 (1,190–1,610)

basis_mixedsingle_inputwhole_engagement_leakage

InputClassPrintedBasisBoundCodesPassage
cs-green-800bound800reported_engagedlowerpartial_scopedossier claim reported-force-scope
cs-irwin-1400B1,300–1,500unknowndossier claim reported-force-scope
cs-irwin-1811C1,811unknownderived_from_lossesdossier claim reported-force-scope

Dossier claims

Draft dossier, revision taylor-louisiana-1863-review-correction-2026-09-25. Claims are extraction records with their quoted passages, not historical adjudication. JSON

information

supportedunresolved Green says that until he came down he had no idea of the fort's position or strength, that his guides assured him the way past the stockade was open, and that Hardeman's and Lane's regiments were delayed by guide failures. Irwin says a signal from the fort warned the navy at ten minutes past midnight.

Attributed knowledge from an interested report and a history; no signal logs inspected.

Until I came down here, I had no idea of the position, strength, or feasibility of taking the fort, or the value when taken.
or26-1-green-louisiana-selections-v1, p.226 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot e4569881ab69…
All my guides (and some of them resided within 2 miles of the fort) assured me
or26-1-green-louisiana-selections-v1, p.228 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot e4569881ab69…
being unable to control his guide,
or26-1-green-louisiana-selections-v1, p.228 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot e4569881ab69…
he was waiting for and expecting a guide,
or26-1-green-louisiana-selections-v1, p.228 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot e4569881ab69…
At ten minutes past^ midnight the red light of a Coston signal from the fort announced to the Navy that the enemy were coming.
irwin-taylor-louisiana-1863-selections-v1, p.244 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 670aff06f5b5…

logistics

supportedunresolved Green says his men had no means to cross the inner ditch and fought with brickbats; he crossed the La Fourche on a bridge of sugar-coolers. Irwin says even the sick of the garrison took part in the defense.

Statements from an interested report and a history; not returns.

and no means whatever on hand to cross it.
or26-1-green-louisiana-selections-v1, p.228 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot e4569881ab69…
Our men here used brick-bats upon the heads of the enemy, who returned the same.
or26-1-green-louisiana-selections-v1, p.228 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot e4569881ab69…
I placed a pontoon bridge across the La Fourche, made of sugar-coolers,
or26-1-green-louisiana-selections-v1, p.227 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot e4569881ab69…
even the sick, who had barely strength to walk from the hospital to the rampart, took part in the defence.
irwin-taylor-louisiana-1863-selections-v1, p.244 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 670aff06f5b5…

objectives

supportedunresolved On June 27 Green advised against storming and proposed to turn the fort from below to annoy the transports; on July 3 he says Mouton's order of the 26th was to take possession of the fort, whose capture would have troubled the army besieging Port Hudson. Irwin says Green was sent there to attack. NPS says Mouton ordered the brigades to take Donaldsonville and dates the order June 28.

Stated aims from an interested report, a history and a summary; Green's June 27 advice and the attack differ. The date of Mouton's order differs (Green's 'of the 26th ultimo'; NPS June 28) and is not reconciled.

They think that an attempt to storm will be attended with great loss and no adequate benefit, even if successful ; and this is my opinion.
or26-1-green-louisiana-selections-v1, p.226 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot e4569881ab69…
can be better and more safely done by taking a position below Donaldsonville.
or26-1-green-louisiana-selections-v1, p.226 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot e4569881ab69…
In accordance with the order of General Mouton, command- ing, of the 26th ultimo,
or26-1-green-louisiana-selections-v1, p.227 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot e4569881ab69…
commanding me to take possession of the Federal fort at Donaldsonville,
or26-1-green-louisiana-selections-v1, p.227 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot e4569881ab69…
Its capture and occupation would doubtless have caused great uneasiness and inconvenience to the Federal army besieg- ing that fortress.
or26-1-green-louisiana-selections-v1, p.229 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot e4569881ab69…
yet it is clear that he was sent there to attack ;
irwin-taylor-louisiana-1863-selections-v1, p.246 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 670aff06f5b5…
On June 28, 1863, Confederate Brig. Gen. Jean Alfred Mouton ordered
nps-la013-v1, Description · snapshot c28e15b5d7ab…
Mouton ordered Brig. Gen. Tom Green's and Col. James P. Major's brigades to take Donaldsonville.
nps-la013-v1, Description · snapshot c28e15b5d7ab…

outcome

disputedpost_outcome The frozen result reads Union victory; the live result reads Indecisive. Green says his men were not repulsed until they met the ditch; Irwin says the fight ended with the flag still flying over the fort; NPS says the point remained in Union hands.

Retain the original result and engagement interval; later movements and campaign contribution are different measures. No new probabilities or individual causal credit. The frozen and live result fields disagree.

Union victory
arnold-cwsac-battles, battle LA013; column results_text · snapshot 952b5d08402a…
Indecisive
nps-la013-v1, Results · snapshot c28e15b5d7ab…
We were not repulsed and never would have been until we found,
or26-1-green-louisiana-selections-v1, p.228 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot e4569881ab69…
discov- ered the American flag flying over the fort.
irwin-taylor-louisiana-1863-selections-v1, p.245 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 670aff06f5b5…
This point on the Mississippi remained in Union hands
nps-la013-v1, Description · snapshot c28e15b5d7ab…

disputedpost_outcome The frozen casualty text reads 324 total (US 23; CS 301), and the live field agrees. Green's statement totals 40 killed, 114 wounded and 107 missing (261), and he says he saved about 100 men by his flag of truce. Irwin repeats 261 but says 124 prisoners were counted on the gunboats and the garrison buried 69 Confederates and was still at it; the garrison lost 8 killed and 13 wounded (21) and the Princess Royal 1 killed and 2 wounded.

Original casualty returns were not inspected; preserve totals, categories, cutoffs and differences. No canonical reconciliation or casualty-based opening count; related actions must not be added without resolving population overlap.

324 total (US 23; CS 301)
arnold-cwsac-battles, battle LA013; column casualties_text · snapshot 952b5d08402a…
324 total (US 23; CS 301;)
nps-la013-v1, Estimated Casualties · snapshot c28e15b5d7ab…
Total 40 114 107 261
or26-1-green-louisiana-selections-v1, p.230 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot e4569881ab69…
I must have saved 100 . men
or26-1-green-louisiana-selections-v1, p.229 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot e4569881ab69…
Green puts his loss at 40 killed, 114 wounded, 107 missing, in all 261.
irwin-taylor-louisiana-1863-selections-v1, p.245 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 670aff06f5b5…
received on board from the provost-marshal 124 prisoners, by actual count,
irwin-taylor-louisiana-1863-selections-v1, p.245 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 670aff06f5b5…
the garrison buried 69 Confederates and were "still at it."
irwin-taylor-louisiana-1863-selections-v1, p.245 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 670aff06f5b5…
2 officers and II men wounded — in all 21.
irwin-taylor-louisiana-1863-selections-v1, p.245 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 670aff06f5b5…
The Princess Royal had I man killed, 2 wounded.
irwin-taylor-louisiana-1863-selections-v1, p.245 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 670aff06f5b5…

responsibility

supportedunresolved Green says he set the plan and briefed each regimental commander, and that Colonel Major led the column enveloping the fort. Irwin says Major Bullen commanded the garrison, quotes his message to Emory, and notes criticism of Green's recklessness. The frozen commanders are Brigadier General Tom Green and Major Joseph D. Bullen, as on the live page.

Command roles from an interested report and a history; the Princess Royal's part is not separately attributed. The listed commanders do not receive automatic sole credit.

Having determined on the plan of attack, I called the officers commanding regiments together,
or26-1-green-louisiana-selections-v1, p.227 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot e4569881ab69…
Colonel Major, commanding the Second Cavalry Brigade, led the head of the column enveloping the fort,
or26-1-green-louisiana-selections-v1, p.229 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot e4569881ab69…
Major Joseph D. Bullen, of the 28th, was in command,
irwin-taylor-louisiana-1863-selections-v1, p.243 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 670aff06f5b5…
I want more men ; I must have more men.
irwin-taylor-louisiana-1863-selections-v1, p.246 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 670aff06f5b5…
Green has been sharply criticised for the apparent recklessness with which he delivered his assault,
irwin-taylor-louisiana-1863-selections-v1, p.245 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 670aff06f5b5…
Brigadier General
arnold-cwsac-commanders, battle LA013, belligerent Confederate, fullname Tom Green; column rank · snapshot 6c587c298717…
Major
arnold-cwsac-commanders, battle LA013, belligerent US, fullname Joseph D. Bullen; column rank · snapshot 6c587c298717…

strength

unknownunresolved

No inspected return establishes matched personnel at a common opening boundary. The frozen side-specific numerical strength bounds are blank (missing_numeric_strength). No figure in this pass is adopted as a simultaneous opening force.

disputedunresolved The frozen force field reads the Fort Butler garrison of two companies of the 28th Maine and convalescents [US] against Green's and Major's brigades [CS]; the live field reads zero. Green heard from citizens on June 27 that the fort held 300 to 500 men and five gunboats, and reported on July 3 a garrison of between 500 and a figure printed '000' in OCR, against his assaulting party of about 800. Irwin says the fort held a mixed force of 180 and that Green brought six regiments and a battery of 1,300 to 1,500; his footnote reads Green's 800 as the four regiments actually engaged and derives 1,811.

Figures for different scopes from an interested report and a history; the garrison figures disagree widely. None is adopted as a matched opening strength. The live zero is not measured absence.

Fort Butler Garrison: two companies of the 28th Maine Volunteer Infantry and some convalescents from various regiments [US]; Tom Green's Texas Brigade and Colonel James Patrick Major's Texas Brigade [CS]
arnold-cwsac-battles, battle LA013; column forces_text · snapshot 952b5d08402a…
0 total (US 0; CS 0;)
nps-la013-v1, Forces Engaged · snapshot c28e15b5d7ab…
I learn from citizens that the fort con- tains from 300 to 500 Yankees, and that there are five gunboats there now.
or26-1-green-louisiana-selections-v1, p.226 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot e4569881ab69…
The garrison contained between 500 and 000 Federals, Our assaulting party engaged was about 800 strong,
or26-1-green-louisiana-selections-v1, p.228 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot e4569881ab69…
The work was now held by a mixed force of 180 men,
irwin-taylor-louisiana-1863-selections-v1, p.242 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 670aff06f5b5…
Green brought to the attack six regiments and one battery, between 1,300 and 1,500 strong/
irwin-taylor-louisiana-1863-selections-v1, p.243 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 670aff06f5b5…
800 + 750 + 261 = 1,811.
irwin-taylor-louisiana-1863-selections-v1, pp.243–244 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 670aff06f5b5…

terrain

supportedunresolved Green described an open approach of 900 yards and a ditch 16 feet wide and 12 deep, and says the assault on the river front failed at an inner ditch his guides had not told him of. Irwin describes a square redoubt in the angle of the bayou and the river with stockades to the water, and low water exposing wide margins of batture. NPS says the ditch was unknown to the attackers and too wide to cross.

Ground described by an interested report, a history and a summary; no map verification. The fort and ditch predate the attack, but their state on June 28 is described only by these accounts, so the phase is left unresolved.

The approach to the fort is through an open plain 900 yards, and the ditch around it is 16 feet wide and 12 feet deep,
or26-1-green-louisiana-selections-v1, p.226 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot e4569881ab69…
had it not been for the existence of a ditch fronting and inside the levee, of which 1 had no knowledge or information.
or26-1-green-louisiana-selections-v1, p.228 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot e4569881ab69…
This was a square redoubt, placed in the northern angle between the bayou and the Mississippi,
irwin-taylor-louisiana-1863-selections-v1, p.242 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 670aff06f5b5…
The river, and there- fore the bayou, were now low, exposing wide margins of batture,
irwin-taylor-louisiana-1863-selections-v1, p.243 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 670aff06f5b5…
came to a ditch, unknown to them, too wide to cross,
nps-la013-v1, Description · snapshot c28e15b5d7ab…

Open questions