Blair's Landing LA020

1864-04-12 to 1864-04-13 · LA · Red River Campaign [March-April 1864] · frozen result: Union · NPS summary (as listed)

CWSAC description
After the battle of Pleasant Hill on April 9, Brig. Gen. Tom Green led his men to Pleasant Hill Landing on the Red River, where, about 4:00 pm on April 12, they discovered grounded and damaged Union transports and gunboats, the XVI and XVII army corps river transportation, and U.S. Navy gunboats, with supplies and armament aboard. Union Brig. Gen. Thomas Kilby Smith's Provisional Division, XVII Corps, troops, and the Navy gunboats furnished protection for the army transports. Green and his men charged the boats. When Green attacked, Smith's men used great ingenuity in defending the boats and dispersing the enemy. Hiding behind bales of cotton, sacks of oats, and other ersatz obstructions, the men on the vessels, along with the Navy gunboats, repelled the attack, killed Green, and savaged the Confederate ranks. The Confederates withdrew and most of the Union transports continued downriver. On the 13th, at Campti, other boats ran aground and came under enemy fire from Brig. Gen. St. John R. Liddell's Sub-District of North Louisiana troops, which harassed the convoy throughout the 12th and 13th. The convoy rendezvoused with Maj. Gen. Nathaniel Banks's army at Grand Ecore, providing the army with badly needed supplies.

Command responsibility (ledger v2)

US: none

Grade D under rule 5; echelon unknown. joint_command

Other candidates: Thomas Kilby Smith, David D. Porter

Army and navy listings; no inspected passage shows one officer over both. The description and Irwin credit Kilby Smith's troops and Porter's gunboats together with repelling the attack, so no single force is shown compelling the result (rule 5, third case; as AR006). Taylor, an interested account, says the gunboats kept up their fire and that Green was killed by grape from a gunboat; read as the force compelling the result, rule 5's second case would give Porter at grade C.

Brigadier General
arnold-cwsac-commanders, battle LA020, belligerent US, fullname Thomas Kilby Smith; column rank · snapshot 6c587c298717…
Rear Admiral
arnold-cwsac-commanders, battle LA020, belligerent US, fullname David D. Porter; column rank · snapshot 6c587c298717…
Instantly Kilby Smith and Porter responded and a sharp fight followed,
irwin-red-river-selections-v1 · snapshot a11818152861…
the men on the vessels, along with the Navy gunboats, repelled the attack, killed Green
arnold-cwsac-battles, battle LA020; column description · snapshot 952b5d08402a…
killed by a discharge of grape from one of the gun-boats.
or34-1-taylor-red-river-selections-v1 · snapshot 89265de11378…

Confederate: Tom Green

Grade A under rule 2; echelon unknown. command_changedsuperior_directing

The description has Green leading his men to the landing and charging the boats, and Taylor has him reaching the river with Woods's, Gould's and Parsons's commands (rule 2). Green was killed during the attack (rule 4: command_changed); no inspected passage names who then commanded, so no successor is recorded. Taylor impressed on Green the importance of reaching the landing before the fleet (superior_directing: Taylor). Taylor styles Green Major General against the listed Brigadier General; identity is not in doubt. Liddell's fire from the east bank, including the 13th, is recorded separately by the dossier.

Brigadier General
arnold-cwsac-commanders, battle LA020, belligerent Confederate, fullname Tom Green; column rank · snapshot 6c587c298717…
Brig. Gen. Tom Green led his men to Pleasant Hill Landing on the Red River
arnold-cwsac-battles, battle LA020; column description · snapshot 952b5d08402a…
Green and his men charged the boats.
arnold-cwsac-battles, battle LA020; column description · snapshot 952b5d08402a…
He, however, reached the river at and below Blair’s Landing on the 12th, with Woods’, Gould’s, and Parsons’ commands,
or34-1-taylor-red-river-selections-v1 · snapshot 89265de11378…

Side strength (ledger v3)

US: grade D: no usable figure (modelled in the rating runs)

whole_engagement_leakage

Confederate: grade D: no usable figure (modelled in the rating runs)

whole_engagement_leakage

Dossier claims

Draft dossier, revision red-river-review-correction-2026-09-25. Claims are extraction records with their quoted passages, not historical adjudication. JSON

information

supportedunresolved Irwin says a cavalry squadron brought Kilby Smith word of the battles of April 8-9 and Banks's order to return, and that a second, written recall reached him at Coushatta Chute. Taylor says he was certain news of Banks's defeat would send the fleet down and that Green was informed of the fleet's position and movements.

Attributed knowledge from a history and an interested report; no signal or message log inspected.

rode In with his squadron, bring- ing word of the battles of Sabine Cross- Roads and Pleasant Hill,
irwin-red-river-selections-v1, p.324 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot a11818152861…
Here Kilby Smith received a second order of recall from Banks, this time in writing,
irwin-red-river-selections-v1, p.325 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot a11818152861…
being certain that the intelligence of his defeat on the 8th and 9th would send the fleet down to Grand Ecore.
or34-1-taylor-red-river-selections-v1, p.570 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 89265de11378…
Gen- eral Green was informed of the position and movements of the fleet.
or34-1-taylor-red-river-selections-v1, p.571 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 89265de11378…

logistics

supportedunresolved Irwin says the transports carried Kilby Smith's division and a large quantity of military stores; NPS says the boats carried supplies and armament, that defenders used cotton bales and sacks of oats as cover, and that the convoy brought badly needed supplies to Grand Ecore. Taylor says the want of a pontoon delayed Green's and Bagby's crossings of Bayou Pierre.

Descriptions of cargo and equipment; no manifest or ordnance return.

and a large quantity of military stores of all kinds.
irwin-red-river-selections-v1, p.295 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot a11818152861…
with supplies and armament aboard.
nps-la020-v1, Description · snapshot 535692e46620…
Hiding behind bales of cotton, sacks of oats, and other ersatz obstructions,
nps-la020-v1, Description · snapshot 535692e46620…
namely, the want of a pontoon
or34-1-taylor-red-river-selections-v1, p.571 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 89265de11378…
providing the army with badly needed supplies.
nps-la020-v1, Description · snapshot 535692e46620…

objectives

supportedunresolved Taylor says the importance of reaching Blair's Landing ahead of the fleet was impressed on Green and that Bagby was sent to Grand Bayou; Irwin says Bagby was sent to cut off the fleet and that the news left the fleet nothing but to go back down the river with all speed. Irwin also judges that Banks would have done better to cover Blair's Landing.

Stated aims from an interested report and a history; Irwin's judgment is retrospective.

The importance of reaching Blair’s Landing in advance of the fleet was impressed upon him.
or34-1-taylor-red-river-selections-v1, p.571 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 89265de11378…
Taylor now sent Bagby across from Mansfield to Grand Bayou with his brigade and Barnes's batter>^ to cut off the fleet.
irwin-red-river-selections-v1, p.325 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot a11818152861…
the bad news made It i clear that nothinor remained to be done but to 1/0 back dowm the river with all speed.
irwin-red-river-selections-v1, p.324 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot a11818152861…
it would have been far better to cover Blair's Landing and thus make sure of the safety as well as the support of the gunboats and of Kilby Smith.
irwin-red-river-selections-v1, p.313 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot a11818152861…

outcome

supportedpost_outcome The frozen result reads Union victory and the live result Union Victory. Irwin says Kilby Smith and Porter drove off the attackers by sunset without great loss; Taylor says the loss on the crowded transports was terrible and that the whole fleet would have been captured but for Green's death; NPS says the Confederates withdrew and most transports continued downriver.

Retain the original result and engagement interval; later movements and campaign contribution are different measures. No new probabilities or individual causal credit.

Union victory
arnold-cwsac-battles, battle LA020; column results_text · snapshot 952b5d08402a…
Union Victory
nps-la020-v1, Results · snapshot 535692e46620…
by sunset they suc- ceeded, without great loss, in driving off their assail- ants.
irwin-red-river-selections-v1, p.325 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot a11818152861…
it is believed that the result would have been the capture of the 'whole fleet but for the unfortunate fall of the noble Green,
or34-1-taylor-red-river-selections-v1, p.571 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 89265de11378…
The Confederates withdrew and most of the Union transports continued downriver.
nps-la020-v1, Description · snapshot 535692e46620…

disputedpost_outcome The frozen casualty text reads 207 total (US 7; CS 200); the live field reads 117 (US 60; CS 57). Irwin says Kilby Smith's division lost 19 above Grand Ecore, a figure covering the whole voyage, and that Porter mentions only one; Green was among the Confederate killed. Taylor calls the loss on the transports terrible and says several raised the white flag.

Original casualty returns were not inspected; preserve totals, categories, cutoffs and differences. No canonical reconciliation or casualty-based opening count; related actions must not be added without resolving population overlap. Irwin's 19 covers the voyage above Grand Ecore, not only April 12-13.

207 total (US 7; CS 200)
arnold-cwsac-battles, battle LA020; column casualties_text · snapshot 952b5d08402a…
117 total (US 60; CS 57;)
nps-la020-v1, Estimated Casualties · snapshot 535692e46620…
division above Grand Ecore were but 19, and Porter mentions only one.
irwin-red-river-selections-v1, p.326 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot a11818152861…
Chief among- the Confederate killed was the brave, Impetuous, and Indomitable Green.
irwin-red-river-selections-v1, p.326 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot a11818152861…
The loss inflicted upon the crowded transports of the enemy was terrible.
or34-1-taylor-red-river-selections-v1, p.571 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 89265de11378…
Several times the transports raised the white flag,
or34-1-taylor-red-river-selections-v1, p.571 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 89265de11378…

responsibility

supportedunresolved Taylor says Green marched for Blair's Landing at 'G p. m.' (OCR; probably 6 p.m.) of the 11th and styles him Major General, while Irwin says Green marched from Pleasant Hill early on the morning of the 11th; Irwin says Kilby Smith and Porter responded to the attack together; NPS credits Smith's men with ingenuity in defending the boats. Taylor says Liddell engaged the fleet from the east bank on the 11th-13th. The frozen commanders are Brigadier General Tom Green, Brigadier General Thomas Kilby Smith and Rear Admiral David D. Porter; the live page lists Green and Thomas Smith, both as Brigadier General.

Command roles from an interested report, a history and a summary; the listed commanders do not receive automatic sole credit, and no rank is adopted. The time of Green's departure differs between Taylor and Irwin and is unresolved.

Green with his usual energy marched from Pleasant Hill for Blair’s Landing at G p. m. of the 11th.
or34-1-taylor-red-river-selections-v1, p.571 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 89265de11378…
who had marched from Pleasant Hill early on the morning of the nth,
irwin-red-river-selections-v1, p.325 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot a11818152861…
Maj. Gen. Thomas Green,
or34-1-taylor-red-river-selections-v1, p.564 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 89265de11378…
Instantly Kilby Smith and Porter responded and a sharp fight followed,
irwin-red-river-selections-v1, p.325 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot a11818152861…
Smith's men used great ingenuity in defending the boats and dispersing the enemy.
nps-la020-v1, Description · snapshot 535692e46620…
Liddell, on the east bank, was, during the 11th, 12th, and 13th, actively engaged with the fleet,
or34-1-taylor-red-river-selections-v1, p.571 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 89265de11378…
Brigadier General
arnold-cwsac-commanders, battle LA020, belligerent Confederate, fullname Tom Green; column rank · snapshot 6c587c298717…
Brigadier General
arnold-cwsac-commanders, battle LA020, belligerent US, fullname Thomas Kilby Smith; column rank · snapshot 6c587c298717…
Rear Admiral
arnold-cwsac-commanders, battle LA020, belligerent US, fullname David D. Porter; column rank · snapshot 6c587c298717…
Brigadier General Thomas Green [CS]
nps-la020-v1, Principal Commanders · snapshot 535692e46620…

strength

unknownunresolved

No inspected return establishes matched personnel at a common opening boundary. The frozen side-specific numerical strength bounds are blank (missing_numeric_strength). No figure in this pass is adopted as a simultaneous opening force.

disputedunresolved The frozen force field reads Provisional division, XVII Army Corps, Army transports, and U.S. Navy Mississippi Squadron [US] and Green's Cavalry Division [CS]; the live field reads zero. Irwin and Taylor identify Green's force as Woods's and Gould's regiments and Parsons's brigade, with four batteries named by Irwin. Irwin says six gunboats convoyed twenty transports bearing Kilby Smith's division when the ascent from Grand Ecore began on April 7; Taylor's report says the fleet that passed Grand Bayou Landing on the morning of the 9th was about thirty vessels, only five carrying troops.

Unit identifications and vessel counts that differ; neither count describes the fleet at Blair's Landing on April 12. No personnel count for either side. None is adopted as a matched opening strength. The live zero is not measured absence.

Provisional division, XVII Army Corps, Army transports, and U.S. Navy Mississippi Squadron [US]; Green's Cavalry Division [CS]
arnold-cwsac-battles, battle LA020; column forces_text · snapshot 952b5d08402a…
0 total (US 0; CS 0;)
nps-la020-v1, Forces Engaged · snapshot 535692e46620…
w^ith Woods's and Gould's regiments and Parsons's brigade of Texans, and the batteries of Nettles, West, Mc- Mahan, and Moseley,
irwin-red-river-selections-v1, p.325 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot a11818152861…
with Woods’, Gould’s, and Parsons’ commands, ana engaged the fleet.
or34-1-taylor-red-river-selections-v1, p.571 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 89265de11378…
it was not until the 7th of April that Porter considered the draught of water sufficient
irwin-red-river-selections-v1, p.295 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot a11818152861…
convoying and closely followed by a fleet of twenty transports, bearing Kilby Smith's division
irwin-red-river-selections-v1, p.295 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot a11818152861…
the fleet of about thirty vessels, of which only five were loaded with troops
or34-1-taylor-red-river-selections-v1, p.570 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 89265de11378…
passed Grand Bayou Landing on the morning of the 9th,
or34-1-taylor-red-river-selections-v1, p.570 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 89265de11378…

terrain

supportedunresolved Irwin says Green caught the rear of the transport fleet at a disadvantage in the bend between the high banks, after the fleet had been retarded by low water; Taylor says Bayou Pierre, crossed by ferries, was 300 feet wide at the narrowest and never fordable. NPS says Green found grounded and damaged transports and gunboats.

River and bank conditions from a history, an interested report and a summary; no map or gauge record inspected.

in the bend between the hi^h banks, Green caught the rear of the transport fleet at a disadvantage.
irwin-red-river-selections-v1, p.325 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot a11818152861…
constantly retarded by the low stage of water,
irwin-red-river-selections-v1, p.324 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot a11818152861…
the stream being 300 feet wide at the narrowest ferry and never fordable.
or34-1-taylor-red-river-selections-v1, p.570 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 89265de11378…
they discovered grounded and damaged Union transports and gunboats,
nps-la020-v1, Description · snapshot 535692e46620…

Open questions