Mansura LA022

1864-05-16 to 1864-05-16 · LA · Red River Campaign [March-April 1864] · frozen result: Union · NPS summary (as listed)

CWSAC description
As Maj. Gen. Nathaniel P. Banks's Red River Expeditionary Force retreated down Red River, Confederate forces under Maj. Gen. Richard Taylor attempted to slow the Union troops' movements and, if possible, deplete their numbers or, better yet, destroy them. The Union forces passed Fort DeRussy, reached Marksville, and then continued east. At Mansura, Taylor massed his forces in an open prairie that controlled access to the three roads traversing the area, where he hoped his artillery could cause many casualties. Early on the morning of May 16, the Union forces approached, and skirmishing quickly ensued. After a four-hour fight (principally an artillery duel), a large Union force massed for a flank attack, inducing the Rebels to fall back. The Union troops marched to Simmsport. Taylor's force could harass the enemy's retrograde but was unable to halt it.

Command responsibility (ledger v2)

US: Nathaniel P. Banks

Grade A under rule 2; echelon army.

Irwin has Banks marching the army from Alexandria on May 13, Lawler leading the infantry column, Emory next and A. J. Smith's divisions in the rear, and at Mansura speaks of 'Banks's losses' (rule 2). Irwin says 'The infantry rapidly formed line of battle' without naming who ordered it. The division commanders are subordinate context.

Major General
arnold-cwsac-commanders, battle LA022, belligerent US, fullname Nathaniel P. Banks; column rank · snapshot 6c587c298717…
On the 13th of May Banks marched from Alex- andria on SImmesport,
irwin-red-river-selections-v1 · snapshot a11818152861…
Banks's losses were small,
irwin-red-river-selections-v1 · snapshot a11818152861…
The infantry rapidly formed line of battle, Mower on the right, Kilby Smith next, Emory in the centre, Lawler on the left,
irwin-red-river-selections-v1 · snapshot a11818152861…

Confederate: Richard Taylor

Grade A under rule 2; echelon army.

Taylor's May 16 dispatch from the field describes his line at Mansura and its withdrawal, and Irwin has Taylor withdrawing when the Union lines advanced (rule 2).

Major General
arnold-cwsac-commanders, battle LA022, belligerent Confederate, fullname Richard Taylor; column rank · snapshot 6c587c298717…
Our men withdrew with the steadiness of veterans on parade,
or34-1-taylor-red-river-selections-v1 · snapshot 89265de11378…
while the remainder of my little force harassed his rear and flank.
or34-1-taylor-red-river-selections-v1 · snapshot 89265de11378…
and so when our lines were advanced he prudently withdrew.
irwin-red-river-selections-v1 · snapshot a11818152861…

Side strength (ledger v3)

US: grade C, 12,000 (8,000–16,000)

opponent_estimate_pointsingle_inputwhole_engagement_leakage

InputClassPrintedBasisBoundCodesPassage
us-taylor-estC16,000unknownadversary_or_hearsay_estimatedossier claim reported-force-scope

Confederate: grade D: no usable figure (modelled in the rating runs)

whole_engagement_leakage

InputClassPrintedBasisBoundCodesPassage
cs-taylor-6000bound6,000unknownupperengagement_link_unknownone_sided_bounddossier claim reported-force-scope

Dossier claims

Draft dossier, revision . Claims are extraction records with their quoted passages, not historical adjudication. JSON

information

supportedunresolved Irwin says that apart from the artillery smoke the whole lines of both armies were in plain sight. Two days earlier Taylor wrote that reports of the dam at the falls were so contradictory he did not know what to believe; on the 16th he reports long lines of infantry demonstrating against his left at 10 a.m.

Attributed observation from a history and interested dispatches.

Save where here and there the light smoke from the artiller)^ hindered the view,
irwin-red-river-selections-v1, p.345 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot a11818152861…
Reports are so con- tradictory of the condition of the dam at the falls that I do not know what to believe.
or34-1-taylor-red-river-selections-v1, p.592 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 89265de11378…
At 10 a. m. long lines of infantry commenced demon- strations on our left, the pivot of the position,
or34-1-taylor-red-river-selections-v1, p.593 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 89265de11378…

logistics

supportedunresolved Taylor says 313 wagons accompanied the Union column from Alexandria, that most of his guns were captured Union pieces, and that his trains lay behind his left near Evergreen; on May 10 he wrote that he had no line of supplies or base. Irwin says the Union troops afterward found the first fresh, clear water they had seen for many weeks.

Train and equipment statements; no supply return.

Three hundred and thirteen wagons ac- companied the column.
or34-1-taylor-red-river-selections-v1, p.592 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 89265de11378…
most of our guns were 3-inch rifle and 10-pounder Parrotts captured from the enemy.
or34-1-taylor-red-river-selections-v1, p.593 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 89265de11378…
our trains being behind that flank near Evergreen.
or34-1-taylor-red-river-selections-v1, p.593 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 89265de11378…
I have no line of sup- plies or base of operations, and can move where I please.
or34-1-taylor-red-river-selections-v1, p.590 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 89265de11378…
to enjoy the first fresh, clear water they had so much as seen for many weeks.
irwin-red-river-selections-v1, p.345 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot a11818152861…

objectives

supportedunresolved NPS says Taylor sought to slow, deplete or destroy the retreating force and hoped his artillery could cause many casualties. Taylor wrote that he would not attempt a general battle but would harass the enemy to the Mississippi and force him to destroy property. Irwin says the Union march followed the river to cover the fleet's withdrawal.

Stated aims from a summary, an interested dispatch and a history.

attempted to slow the Union troops' movements and, if possible, deplete their numbers or, better yet, destroy them.
nps-la022-v1, Description · snapshot 518072dae0b9…
where he hoped his artillery could cause many casualties.
nps-la022-v1, Description · snapshot 518072dae0b9…
but I hope to force the enemy to destroy large amounts of property, and harass and worry him until he reaches the Mississippi.
or34-1-taylor-red-river-selections-v1, p.592 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 89265de11378…
with the object of covering the withdrawal of the fleet of gunboats and transports
irwin-red-river-selections-v1, p.344 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot a11818152861…

outcome

supportedpost_outcome The frozen result reads Union victory and the live result Union Victory. Taylor says his men withdrew in good order and the road to Simsport was left open; Irwin and NPS say the Confederates fell back when the Union lines advanced or massed for a flank attack.

Retain the original result and engagement interval; later movements and campaign contribution are different measures. No new probabilities or individual causal credit.

Union victory
arnold-cwsac-battles, battle LA022; column results_text · snapshot 952b5d08402a…
Union Victory
nps-la022-v1, Results · snapshot 518072dae0b9…
Our men withdrew with the steadiness of veterans on parade, and the road to Simsport was left open to the foe.
or34-1-taylor-red-river-selections-v1, p.593 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 89265de11378…
a large Union force massed for a flank attack, inducing the Rebels to fall back.
nps-la022-v1, Description · snapshot 518072dae0b9…

supportedpost_outcome The frozen casualty text reads Unknown and the live field reads zero (US 0; CS 0). Irwin says Banks's losses were small except for Haskin's horse battery, and Taylor that his thin line offered a small mark. No inspected passage gives a figure for either side.

Original casualty returns were not inspected; preserve totals, categories, cutoffs and differences. No canonical reconciliation or casualty-based opening count; related actions must not be added without resolving population overlap. The live zero is not measured absence.

Unknown
arnold-cwsac-battles, battle LA022; column casualties_text · snapshot 952b5d08402a…
0 total (US 0; CS 0;)
nps-la022-v1, Estimated Casualties · snapshot 518072dae0b9…
Banks's losses were small, but Lieutenant Haskin's horse-batter}' F, ist U. S., being unavoidably ex- posed
irwin-red-river-selections-v1, p.345 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot a11818152861…
while our short, thin line offered a small mark.
or34-1-taylor-red-river-selections-v1, p.593 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 89265de11378…

responsibility

supportedunresolved Irwin says Banks marched from Alexandria with Lawler, Emory and A. J. Smith's divisions and that Taylor prudently withdrew when the Union lines advanced; Taylor places Bagby and Major on his right and Polignac with Debray on his left. The frozen commanders are Major Generals Taylor and Banks, as on the live page.

Command roles from a history and an interested dispatch; the listed commanders do not receive automatic sole credit.

On the 13th of May Banks marched from Alex- andria on SImmesport, Lawler leading the infantry column, Emory next, and A. J. Smith's divisions
irwin-red-river-selections-v1, p.344 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot a11818152861…
and so when our lines were advanced he prudently withdrew.
irwin-red-river-selections-v1, p.345 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot a11818152861…
Po- lignac, re-enforced by two regiments of cavalry under Debray, the left,
or34-1-taylor-red-river-selections-v1, p.593 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 89265de11378…
Major General
arnold-cwsac-commanders, battle LA022, belligerent Confederate, fullname Richard Taylor; column rank · snapshot 6c587c298717…
Major General
arnold-cwsac-commanders, battle LA022, belligerent US, fullname Nathaniel P. Banks; column rank · snapshot 6c587c298717…

strength

unknownunresolved

No inspected return establishes matched personnel at a common opening boundary. The frozen side-specific numerical strength bounds are blank (missing_numeric_strength). No figure in this pass is adopted as a simultaneous opening force.

disputedunresolved The frozen force field reads Banks's Red River Expeditionary Force [US] and District of West Louisiana [CS]; the live field reads zero. Taylor's May 16 dispatch says the enemy probably had 16,000 men on the field and perhaps more, and lists nineteen guns on his right and thirteen on his left; on May 14 he wrote of his little force against four times their number, and on May 10 of scarce 6,000 men. Irwin says the disparity in numbers was too great for Taylor to do more than make a show of resistance, and lists the Union infantry divisions in line.

Interested estimates from different dates and a retrospective judgment; no return. None is adopted as a matched opening strength. The live zero is not measured absence.

Banks's Red River Expeditionary Force [US]; District of West Louisiana [CS]
arnold-cwsac-battles, battle LA022; column forces_text · snapshot 952b5d08402a…
0 total (US 0; CS 0;)
nps-la022-v1, Forces Engaged · snapshot 518072dae0b9…
as the enemy had probably 16,000 men on the field, and per- haps more.
or34-1-taylor-red-river-selections-v1, p.593 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 89265de11378…
Bagby and Major, with nineteen pieces of artillery, holding the right,
or34-1-taylor-red-river-selections-v1, p.593 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 89265de11378…
with thirteen pieces of artillery,
or34-1-taylor-red-river-selections-v1, p.593 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 89265de11378…
to attempt to fight a general battle with my little force against four times their number,
or34-1-taylor-red-river-selections-v1, p.592 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 89265de11378…
with my little force of scarce 6,000 men,
or34-1-taylor-red-river-selections-v1, p.590 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 89265de11378…
the disparity in numbers was too great to justify Taylor in making more than a handsome show of resistance
irwin-red-river-selections-v1, p.345 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot a11818152861…
Mower on the right, Kilby Smith next, Emory in the centre, Lawler on the left,
irwin-red-river-selections-v1, p.345 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot a11818152861…

terrain

supportedunresolved Taylor calls the prairie smooth as a billiard table and an admirable field for artillery; Irwin describes the wide, rolling prairie of Avoyelles, on which both armies' lines were in plain sight; NPS says the prairie controlled access to the three roads crossing the area.

Ground described by an interested dispatch, a history and a summary; no map verification.

The broad, open prairie, smooth as a billiard table, af- forded an admirable field for artillery practice,
or34-1-taylor-red-river-selections-v1, p.593 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 89265de11378…
On the wide and rolling prairie of Avoyelles, otherwise known as the Plains of Mansura,
irwin-red-river-selections-v1, p.344 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot a11818152861…
the whole lines of both armies were in plain sight of every man in either,
irwin-red-river-selections-v1, p.345 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot a11818152861…
Taylor massed his forces in an open prairie that controlled access to the three roads traversing the area,
nps-la022-v1, Description · snapshot 518072dae0b9…

Open questions