Hancock MD001

1862-01-05 to 1862-01-06 · MD · Jackson's Operations Against the B&O Railroad [January 1862] · frozen result: Inconclusive · NPS summary (as listed)

CWSAC description
On January 1, Maj. Gen. Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson marched north in bitter cold from Winchester to Bath with the objective of disrupting traffic on the B&O Railroad and C&O Canal. On January 5, after skirmishing with the retiring Federals, Jackson's force reached the Potomac River opposite the garrisoned town of Hancock, Maryland. His artillery fired on the town from Orrick's Hill but did little damage. Union garrison commander Brig. Gen. F.W. Lander refused Jackson's demands for surrender. Jackson continued the bombardment for two days while unsuccessfully searching for a safe river crossing. The Confederates withdrew and marched on Romney, in western Virginia, on January 7.

Dossier claims

Draft dossier, revision . Claims are extraction records with their quoted passages, not historical adjudication. JSON

information

unknownunresolved

No original reconnaissance, surrender correspondence, engineering report or message chain was inspected to establish the commanders’ contemporary information. Allan’s inference about anticipated reinforcements is not an independently verified knowledge state. The targeted original-report follow-up was inaccessible.

logistics

supportedunresolved Allan describes wagons delayed by difficult roads during the approach, leaving troops without food and in some cases covering on the second night, followed by a renewed separation of wagons and troops in snow and sleet.

These are attributed conditions before the Hancock engagement, not quantified January 5 readiness, an invented morale score or a reviewed causal effect. All inherited/created classifications remain unresolved until replacement boundaries are established. OCR spelling is preserved in the quotation.

the troops passed the night without anything to eat,^ and, in many cases, without covering.
allan-hancock-selections-v1, Chapter I, Romney; p.21, approach/weather paragraph (OCR pagination, unverified against scan) · snapshot 90a298b9ccec…
Snow and sleet during the latter part of the day added much to the discomfort of the soldiers, and rendered the roads so slippery that the wagons were again unable to keep up with the troops.
allan-hancock-selections-v1, Chapter I, Romney; p.21, same paragraph (OCR pagination, unverified against scan) · snapshot 90a298b9ccec…

objectives

supportedunresolved The NPS summary describes Jackson’s initial objective as disrupting the B&O Railroad and C&O Canal.

A retrospective summary of the operation’s aim, not an inspected pre-march directive or a quantitative measure of campaign contribution. Later damage elsewhere does not become a second modeled Hancock success.

with the objective of disrupting traffic on the B&O Railroad and C&O Canal.
nps-md001-v1, Description · snapshot afa41b29b569…

outcome

supportedpost_outcome The frozen battle row records Inconclusive; the live NPS page says Indecisive.

Preserve the nondecisive source labels without converting them to a win, half-win or validated tactical effect.

Inconclusive
arnold-cwsac-battles, battle MD001; column result · snapshot 952b5d08402a…
Indecisive
nps-md001-v1, Results · snapshot afa41b29b569…

disputedpost_outcome The pinned table gives 25 total casualties; the live NPS table displays zero total and zero on each side.

The live display does not adjudicate the pinned number, and no checked return resolves this discrepancy. Neither count is a strength estimate, a readiness measure or a predictor.

25 total
arnold-cwsac-battles, battle MD001; column casualties_text · snapshot 952b5d08402a…
0 total (US 0; CS 0;)
nps-md001-v1, Estimated Casualties · snapshot afa41b29b569…

supportedpost_outcome NPS says the Confederates withdrew toward Romney on January 7; Allan likewise places departure from the Hancock vicinity on the morning of the 7th.

This is later context beyond the frozen January 5–6 record. Do not merge the rest of the Romney expedition into this engagement, enlarge the frozen campaign membership, or add a second performance score.

The Confederates withdrew and marched on Romney, in western Virginia, on January 7.
nps-md001-v1, Description · snapshot afa41b29b569…
left the vicinity of Hancock on the morning of the 7th and marched in the direction of Romuey
allan-hancock-selections-v1, Chapter I, Romney; p.23, opening paragraph (OCR pagination, unverified against scan) · snapshot 90a298b9ccec…

responsibility

supportedunresolved NPS attributes the surrender demand to Jackson and its refusal to Lander. Allan describes Lander as having just arrived and assumed command at Hancock.

These are source-attributed actions and a retrospective command sequence, not a verified transfer time or allocation of all outcome credit. The two families are not proven independent.

Union garrison commander Brig. Gen. F.W. Lander refused Jackson's demands for surrender.
nps-md001-v1, Description · snapshot afa41b29b569…
Gen. Lander had just arrived and assumed command at Hancock, and he refused to surrender
allan-hancock-selections-v1, Chapter I, Romney; p.22, main-force paragraph (OCR pagination, unverified against scan) · snapshot 90a298b9ccec…

strength

supportedunresolved Allan describes Jackson leaving Winchester on January 1 with some eight or nine thousand men, including multiple brigades, militia, batteries and cavalry.

An explicitly approximate retrospective expedition total. It does not count the opening Hancock population or the Union garrison. The later footnote listing formations found at Hancock after the engagement is not an opening return.

the whole numbering some eight or nine thousand (8000 or 9000) men.
allan-hancock-selections-v1, Chapter I, Romney; p.20, paragraph beginning Such was the condition of affairs (OCR pagination, unverified against scan) · snapshot 90a298b9ccec…

unknownunresolved

The frozen side-specific strength bounds are blank. Neither the NPS summary nor Allan’s expedition estimate establishes matched opening strengths, detachment membership or a common boundary for Hancock.

disputedunresolved The current NPS page displays zero troops on both sides and a January 1862 date field; the frozen row dates the engagement January 5–6.

Displayed zeros and the campaign-like month do not supply measured personnel or exact engagement timing. Preserve both sources without replacing missing strength with zero.

0 total (US 0; CS 0;)
nps-md001-v1, Forces Engaged · snapshot afa41b29b569…
January 1862
nps-md001-v1, Date(s) · snapshot afa41b29b569…
1862-01-05
arnold-cwsac-battles, battle MD001; column start_date · snapshot 952b5d08402a…
1862-01-06
arnold-cwsac-battles, battle MD001; column end_date · snapshot 952b5d08402a…

terrain

disputedunresolved NPS places Jackson opposite Hancock on January 5 and describes unsuccessful efforts to find a safe crossing. Allan places the main force opposite Hancock on the night of January 4 and describes an attempted bridge above the town.

The river separates positions, but the sources disagree about the arrival date. Retain the discrepancy without creating a common opening clock or silently changing the frozen interval. Allan’s bridge narrative is a retrospective assertion, not a verified engineering survey or contemporary knowledge record.

On January 5, after skirmishing with the retiring Federals, Jackson's force reached the Potomac River opposite the garrisoned town of Hancock, Maryland.
nps-md001-v1, Description · snapshot afa41b29b569…
Jackson continued the bombardment for two days while unsuccessfully searching for a safe river crossing.
nps-md001-v1, Description · snapshot afa41b29b569…
The main Confederate force bivouacked on the night of the 4th opposite Hancock.
allan-hancock-selections-v1, Chapter I, Romney; p.22, main-force paragraph (OCR pagination, unverified against scan) · snapshot 90a298b9ccec…
an eifort was made to construct a bridge at a point two miles above, wath the view of crossing to the Maryland side.
allan-hancock-selections-v1, Chapter I, Romney; p.22, same paragraph (OCR pagination, unverified against scan) · snapshot 90a298b9ccec…

Open questions