Fort Ridgely MN001

1862-08-20 to 1862-08-22 · MN · Operations to Suppress the Sioux Uprising [August-September 1862] · frozen result: Union · NPS summary (as listed)

CWSAC description
In August 1862, the Santee Sioux of Minnesota under Chief Little Crow, angered by the failure of the Federal government to provide annuities and by the poor quality of rations, went on the offensive. They killed approximately 800 settlers and soldiers, took many prisoners, and caused extensive property damage throughout the Minnesota River Valley. Fort Ridgely, about twelve miles from the Lower Sioux Agency, became the refuge for white civilians. The fort's commander, Capt. John S. Marsh, set out with most of his men for the Lower Sioux Agency. Before reaching the agency, a large Native American force surprised the soldiers, killed half of them, including Marsh, and pursued the survivors back to the fort. On August 20, about 400 Sioux attacked the fort but were repulsed. On the 22nd, 800 Sioux attacked the fort again, but the garrison and civilians held the fort.

Dossier claims

Draft dossier, revision . Claims are extraction records with their quoted passages, not historical adjudication. JSON

information

supportedunresolved Jones says the alarm was given about 2 p.m. on the 20th and the gun detachments were promptly at their posts.

A clock time from one garrison report; no warning, reconnaissance or message record was inspected.

The alarm was given about 2 p. m. on the 20th; the gun detachments were promptly at their post
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logistics

supportedunresolved Sheehan says small-arms ammunition nearly failed and balls were taken from spherical-case shot and recast by a party of men and women, and that most of the quartermaster's mules and oxen were taken. Jones says the small-arms ammunition on hand was all expended, while the field-gun ammunition was in good order and sufficient.

Supply statements from two garrison reports of the same date; not a return.

Our small-arms ammunition nearly failing
or13-sheehan-fort-ridgely-selections-v1, p.248 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot c546b1d868d8…
I ordered the balls to be removed from some of the spherical-case shot
or13-sheehan-fort-ridgely-selections-v1, p.249 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot c546b1d868d8…
Most of the mules and oxen belonging to the quartermaster’s department were taken by the Indians
or13-sheehan-fort-ridgely-selections-v1, p.249 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot c546b1d868d8…
The small-arms ammunition on hand was all expended
or13-jones-fort-ridgely-selections-v1, p.250 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 4ea8b893534b…
The ammunition for the field guns is in good order
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objectives

supportedunresolved NPS says the fort had become the refuge for white civilians and summarizes the Santee grievances over annuities and rations. Sheehan says the attackers could not effect a lodgment and prepared to storm the post.

The grievance is the NPS summary's; the attackers' aims are inferred by an opponent. No account by the Dakota side was inspected; every statement of their numbers, aims and losses comes from their opponents or from the NPS summary.

Fort Ridgely, about twelve miles from the Lower Sioux Agency, became the refuge for white civilians.
arnold-cwsac-battles, battle MN001; column description · snapshot 952b5d08402a…
angered by the failure of the Federal government to provide annuities and by the poor quality of rations
arnold-cwsac-battles, battle MN001; column description · snapshot 952b5d08402a…
finding that they could not effect a lodgment
or13-sheehan-fort-ridgely-selections-v1, p.248 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot c546b1d868d8…
The Indians prepared to storm
or13-sheehan-fort-ridgely-selections-v1, p.248 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot c546b1d868d8…

outcome

supportedpost_outcome The frozen and live results read Union victory; the frozen description says the garrison and civilians held the fort. Sheehan says the attackers withdrew at dusk on the 20th and were compelled to withdraw on the 22nd.

Retain the original result and engagement interval; later movements and campaign contribution are different measures. No new probabilities or individual causal credit.

Union victory
arnold-cwsac-battles, battle MN001; column results_text · snapshot 952b5d08402a…
Union Victory
nps-mn001-v1, Results · snapshot a076ec447d3c…
but the garrison and civilians held the fort.
arnold-cwsac-battles, battle MN001; column description · snapshot 952b5d08402a…
withdrew their forces, and the gallant little garrison rested on their arms
or13-sheehan-fort-ridgely-selections-v1, p.248 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot c546b1d868d8…
compelled them to withdraw, after one of the most determined attacks ever made by Indians on a military post.
or13-sheehan-fort-ridgely-selections-v1, p.248 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot c546b1d868d8…

disputedpost_outcome The frozen casualty text reads US 16 and Indian losses unknown; the live field reads 26 (US 26; CS 0). Sheehan's return of casualties in the garrison for August 20 and 22 totals 16 (read as '3 13 16' in the garbled OCR columns, apparently 3 killed and 13 wounded). No inspected source gives a Dakota loss.

Original casualty returns were not inspected; preserve totals, categories, cutoffs and differences. No canonical reconciliation or casualty-based opening count; related actions must not be added without resolving population overlap. The return covers the garrison, not the armed refugees; the live 26 is not traced; the column reading is tentative.

Total unknown (US 16; I unknown)
arnold-cwsac-battles, battle MN001; column casualties_text · snapshot 952b5d08402a…
26 total (US 26; CS 0;)
nps-mn001-v1, Estimated Casualties · snapshot a076ec447d3c…
Return of Casualties in the garrison at Fort Ridgely, Minn., at the action at Fort Ridgely , Minn., August 20 and 22, 1862.
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Total 3 13 16
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responsibility

supportedunresolved The frozen commanders are First Lieutenant Timothy J. Sheehan and Little Crow (no rank recorded); the live page tags Little Crow [CS], which is not adopted. Sheehan signs as commanding the post and ordered the outbuildings destroyed; the artillery was under Ordnance Sergeant Jones, and the Renville Rangers under Lieutenant Gorman. Jones credits Sheehan with organizing the casting of balls. The inspected reports do not name Little Crow; only NPS places the Santee under him.

Command roles from two garrison reports and the NPS summary; no automatic sole credit.

First Lieutenant
arnold-cwsac-commanders, battle MN001, belligerent US, fullname Timothy J. Sheehan; column rank · snapshot 6c587c298717…
Little Crow
arnold-cwsac-commanders, battle MN001, belligerent Native American, fullname Little Crow; column fullname · snapshot 6c587c298717…
Chief Little Crow
nps-mn001-v1, Principal Commanders · snapshot a076ec447d3c…
the Santee Sioux of Minnesota under Chief Little Crow
arnold-cwsac-battles, battle MN001; column description · snapshot 952b5d08402a…
Comdg. Post.
or13-sheehan-fort-ridgely-selections-v1, p.249 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot c546b1d868d8…
in order to protect the garrison, I ordered them to be destroyed.
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under the immediate charge of Ordnance Sergt. J. Jones, U. S. Army
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the Renville Rangers, under the command of First Lieut. J. Gorman
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but by your energies in organizing a party to cast balls and make cartridges we have still a moderate supply.
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strength

unknownunresolved

No inspected return establishes matched personnel at a common opening boundary. The frozen side-specific numerical strength bounds are blank (missing_numeric_strength). No figure in this pass is adopted as a simultaneous opening force.

supportedunresolved The frozen force field names the Fort Ridgely garrison and refugee civilians and the Santee Sioux without figures; the live field reads 0. The frozen description gives about 400 Sioux on August 20 and 800 on August 22. Sheehan names the remnant of Company B and a detachment of Company C of the Fifth Minnesota and the newly organized Renville Rangers as his only troops, with armed refugees aiding the defense, and gives no figures; he describes a large force on the 20th and a much larger one on the 22nd, and Jones a very large force.

Unit names and qualitative descriptions only; the frozen 400 and 800 are not traced in the inspected reports. No account by the Dakota side was inspected; every statement of their numbers, aims and losses comes from their opponents or from the NPS summary. None is adopted as a matched opening strength.

Fort Ridgely Garrison and refugee civilians [US]; Santee Sioux [I]
arnold-cwsac-battles, battle MN001; column forces_text · snapshot 952b5d08402a…
0 total (US 0; CS 0;)
nps-mn001-v1, Forces Engaged · snapshot a076ec447d3c…
On August 20, about 400 Sioux attacked the fort but were repulsed.
arnold-cwsac-battles, battle MN001; column description · snapshot 952b5d08402a…
On the 22nd, 800 Sioux attacked the fort again
arnold-cwsac-battles, battle MN001; column description · snapshot 952b5d08402a…
The small remnant of Company B, Fifth Regiment Minnesota Volunteers, together with a detachment of Company C
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and the Renville Rangers, a company just organized for one of the regiments of this State
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were organized and armed, as far as practicable, to aid in the defense.
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this post was assaulted by a large force of Sioux Indians on the 20th instant.
or13-sheehan-fort-ridgely-selections-v1, p.248 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot c546b1d868d8…
On the 22d they returned with a much larger force
or13-sheehan-fort-ridgely-selections-v1, p.248 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot c546b1d868d8…
a still more determined attack was made about 2.30 p. m. by a very large force of Indians.
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terrain

supportedunresolved Sheehan says ravines surround the post, that the heaviest attack of the 22nd fell on the east and west corners near them, and that stables and log buildings covered the west corner until he ordered them destroyed; the men's quarters and store-house were stone.

Ground from an interested report; the ravines are natural, but the outbuildings were destroyed on the defenders' order during the action, so the tag stays unresolved. No map verification.

which compelled them to evacuate the ravines by which this post is surrounded
or13-sheehan-fort-ridgely-selections-v1, p.248 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot c546b1d868d8…
the most determined was on the east and west corners of the fort, which are in the immediate vicinity of ravines.
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The west corner was also covered by stables and log buildings, which afforded the Indians great protection
or13-sheehan-fort-ridgely-selections-v1, p.248 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot c546b1d868d8…
the men’s quarters and store-house, which are stone buildings.
or13-sheehan-fort-ridgely-selections-v1, p.249 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot c546b1d868d8…

Open questions