New Madrid/Island No. 10 MO012

unknownunresolved

No original reconnaissance, intelligence report, correspondence or message chain was inspected to establish what each commander knew at the distinct siege, naval-passage and crossing stages. Mahan’s retrospective judgments do not fill that gap.

supportedunresolved The frozen narrative describes Pope’s approach through swamps with supplies and artillery. Mahan says the canal completed on April 4 let light transport steamers reach New Madrid without passing the island batteries.

Transport and approach descriptions, not readiness scores. Light transports using the canal and ironclads running the river batteries are different movements; this does not establish canal passage by the ironclads.

supportedunresolved The frozen narrative describes Beauregard choosing Island No. 10 as a Mississippi defensive strongpoint and Pope setting out to attack New Madrid on February 28.

Attributed operational purposes, not inspected original orders or common success criteria for every army and naval commander.

disputedpost_outcome The frozen narrative dates Mackall’s surrender of Island No. 10 to April 8. Mahan’s sequence places the island and garrison surrender to the navy at ten o’clock on the evening of April 7.

Preserve both date and possible surrender-scope differences. No original surrender document was inspected to reconcile them; the frozen February 28–April 8 interval remains unchanged.

supportedpost_outcome The frozen row records a Union victory for the combined New Madrid/Island No. 10 engagement.

Retain one source-coded result across its frozen interval. Naval passage, crossing, surrender and the later opening toward Fort Pillow are not separately scored wins or established campaign effects.

unknownunresolved

The frozen casualty record is unknown and no inspected loss return resolves it. Mahan’s surrender population cannot be substituted for a harmonized killed, wounded, missing and captured total.

supportedunresolved The frozen narrative assigns the Union army to Pope and the arriving naval flotilla to Foote, describes McCown defending New Madrid and Island No. 10, and says Mackall replaced him.

These roles do not imply equal or sole outcome credit. The inspected account does not give an effective replacement clock; both replacement fields remain null.

supportedunresolved Mahan describes Carondelet signaling success after engaging the batteries and returning to cover the army’s crossing.

An attributed supporting action in joint operations, not a measured individual causal contribution. The surrounding authorial praise and Pope quotation do not validate a counterfactual lives-saved estimate.

unknownunresolved

No inspected return establishes matched opening personnel for both sides. The frozen numerical bounds are blank. The multiweek record combines siege, naval passage, crossing and surrender; no single opening population is established.

supportedpost_outcome Mahan reports seven thousand men laying down their arms in the concluding operations.

A retrospective surrender count, not opening strength, a dated return, or a substitute for missing casualty totals. The adjacent island-garrison surrender may have a different scope; do not add or equate populations.

supportedunresolved Mahan describes two river bends forming an inverted S and swamps behind the Confederate position, with help or escape routed by way of Tiptonville.

Attributed physical context, not a verified historical map, quantified terrain advantage or proof that every possible route was closed at every stage.