Little Blue River MO024

1864-10-21 to 1864-10-21 · MO · Price's Missouri Expedition [September-October 1864] · frozen result: Confederate · NPS summary (as listed)

CWSAC description
Price's march along the Missouri River was slow, providing the Yankees a chance to concentrate. Maj. Gen. William S. Rosecrans, commanding the Department of the Missouri, proposed a pincer movement to trap Price and his army, but he was unable to communicate with Maj. Gen. Samuel R. Curtis, commander of the Department of Kansas, to formalize the plan. Curtis was having problems because many of his troops were Kansas militia and they refused to enter Missouri, but a force of about 2,000 men under the command of Maj. Gen. James G. Blunt did set out for Lexington. He met the Confederate troops at Lexington on the 19th, slowed their progress, but was defeated and retreated. On the 20th, Blunt's troops arrived on the Little Blue River, eight miles east of Independence. The Union force prepared to engage the Confederates again in a strong defensive position on the west bank. Curtis, however, ordered Blunt into Independence while leaving a small force, under Col. Thomas Moonlight, on the Little Blue. The next day, Curtis ordered Blunt to take all of the volunteers and return to the Little Blue. As he neared the stream, he discovered that Moonlight's small force had burned the bridge as ordered, engaged the enemy, and retreated away from the strong defensive position occupied the day before, crossing the river. Blunt entered the fray and attempted to drive the enemy back beyond the defensive position that he wished to reoccupy. The Yankees forced the Confederates to fall back, at first, but their numerical superiority took its toll in the five-hour battle. The Federals retreated to Independence and went into camp there after dark. Once again, the Confederates had been slowed and more Union reinforcements were arriving.

Command responsibility (ledger v2)

US: Samuel R. Curtis

Grade A under rule 2; echelon army.

Rule 2. Curtis, commanding the Army of the Border, left Moonlight's brigade as the Little Blue outpost, ordered Blunt back to its support on the 21st, followed him to the field and directed troops and batteries in person (Britton), who also calls him 'present on the field directing the general movements of his forces' when he ordered Blunt to retire. Moonlight's outpost made the first contact and Blunt formed the main line on arriving; both are subordinates leading part of the force under Curtis's orders, not a contradiction under rule 2 (no passage calls either the Federal commander). Curtis's arrival relative to Moonlight's first shots is not timed; if a reviewer reads Moonlight as commanding the side's engaged forces at first combat, the TN011 pattern (rule 2, grade C) would apply. Echelon: army (Britton: the militia and troops 'formed two divisions, which General Curtis called " The Army of the Border."' in the MO023 section).

Major General
arnold-cwsac-commanders, battle MO024, belligerent US, fullname Samuel R. Curtis; column rank · snapshot 6c587c298717…
Curtis, however, ordered Blunt into Independence while leaving a small force, under Col. Thomas Moonlight, on the Little Blue.
arnold-cwsac-battles, battle MO024; column description · snapshot 952b5d08402a…
The next day, Curtis ordered Blunt to take all of the volunteers and return to the Little Blue.
arnold-cwsac-battles, battle MO024; column description · snapshot 952b5d08402a…
General Curtis, with members of his staff and escort, quickly followed General Blunt's column, and on arriv ing upon the field directed the movements of troops and the placing of batteries in position in person.
britton-price-missouri-selections-v2 · snapshot 944893b13523…
General Curtis, who was present on the field directing the general movements of his forces
britton-price-missouri-selections-v2 · snapshot 944893b13523…

Confederate: Sterling Price

Grade A under rule 2; echelon army.

Rule 2. Clark's brigade of Marmaduke's division made the first contact (Britton); Price sent Shelby to Marmaduke's relief and brought Fagan's division up under his orders. Nothing contradicts the listing.

Major General
arnold-cwsac-commanders, battle MO024, belligerent Confederate, fullname Sterling Price; column rank · snapshot 6c587c298717…
This temporary check enabled General Price to close up with his trains and to bring forward Fagan's division to the support of Marmaduke and Shelby.
britton-price-missouri-selections-v2 · snapshot 944893b13523…
I had sent orders to Brigadier- General Shelby to march rapidly to his relief
or41-1-price-missouri-selections-v1 · snapshot 7a18d48e08b2…
Fagan’s division under my orders supported Shelby, but were not immediately engaged.
or41-1-price-missouri-selections-v1 · snapshot 7a18d48e08b2…

Side strength (ledger v3)

US: grade D: no usable figure (modelled in the rating runs)

whole_engagement_leakage

InputClassPrintedBasisBoundCodesPassage
us-nps-2000unusable2,000unknownother_engagementdossier claim reported-force-scope

Confederate: grade D: no usable figure (modelled in the rating runs)

whole_engagement_leakage

InputClassPrintedBasisBoundCodesPassage
cs-price-greenebound150unknownlowerpartial_scopedossier claim reported-force-scope

Dossier claims

Draft dossier, revision price-missouri-review-correction-2026-09-25. Claims are extraction records with their quoted passages, not historical adjudication. JSON

information

supportedunresolved NPS says Rosecrans could not communicate with Curtis. Britton says Curtis's latest dispatches from Rosecrans put Pleasonton and A. J. Smith close on Price's rear and their guns were expected all day.

Attributed knowledge from a summary and a history; no message log inspected.

he was unable to communicate with Maj. Gen. Samuel R. Curtis
nps-mo024-v1, Description · snapshot 66cb2a40b7e9…
The latest despatches General Curtis had from General Rosecrans showed that his cavalry under Pleasonton and his infantry under A. J. Smith should be close upon the rear of Price's army
britton-price-missouri-selections-v2, p.449 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 944893b13523…

logistics

supportedunresolved Britton says Blunt sent to Independence, eight miles off, for rations on the 20th. Price says his engaged troops' ammunition was about exhausted when Kitchen's regiment arrived.

Two statements; no supply or ammunition return.

sent to Independence, eight miles distant, for rations for his troops
britton-price-missouri-selections-v2, p.444 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 944893b13523…
as the ammunition of our troops engaged
or41-1-price-missouri-selections-v1, p.634 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 7a18d48e08b2…
was about to become exhausted, Colonel Kitchen’s regiment arrived to their relief.
or41-1-price-missouri-selections-v1, p.634 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 7a18d48e08b2…

objectives

supportedunresolved Britton says Curtis had decided to make the Big Blue his line, left Moonlight as an outpost with orders to burn the bridge, and sent Blunt back not for a general engagement but to delay the invading army. NPS says Blunt tried to regain the position he had held the day before.

Stated aims from a history and a summary.

General Curtis had decided to make the Big Blue his line of defence
britton-price-missouri-selections-v2, p.445 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 944893b13523…
with instructions to burn the bridge if the enemy advanced on that road
britton-price-missouri-selections-v2, p.445 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 944893b13523…
He did not desire to bring on a general engagement, but he wished to delay by this demonstration of his small force the movements of the invading army
britton-price-missouri-selections-v2, p.447 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 944893b13523…
attempted to drive the enemy back beyond the defensive position that he wished to reoccupy.
nps-mo024-v1, Description · snapshot 66cb2a40b7e9…

outcome

supportedpost_outcome The frozen and live results read Confederate victory. NPS says the Federals retreated to Independence; Price says Shelby drove them seven miles and beyond Independence; Britton says Price's army camped in and about Independence that night.

Retain the original result and engagement interval; later movements and campaign contribution are different measures. No new probabilities or individual causal credit.

Confederate victory
arnold-cwsac-battles, battle MO024; column results_text · snapshot 952b5d08402a…
Confederate Victory
nps-mo024-v1, Results · snapshot 66cb2a40b7e9…
The Federals retreated to Independence and went into camp there after dark.
nps-mo024-v1, Description · snapshot 66cb2a40b7e9…
for seven miles and beyond Independence.
or41-1-price-missouri-selections-v1, p.634 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 7a18d48e08b2…
Price's army with its large trains moved forward and encamped that night in and about Independence
britton-price-missouri-selections-v2, p.450 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 944893b13523…

supportedpost_outcome The frozen casualty text reads Unknown and the live field zero. Britton notes the death of Major J. N. Smith of the Second Colorado; no inspected passage gives a total for either side.

Original casualty returns were not inspected; preserve totals, categories, cutoffs and differences. No canonical reconciliation or casualty-based opening count; related actions must not be added without resolving population overlap.

Unknown
arnold-cwsac-battles, battle MO024; column casualties_text · snapshot 952b5d08402a…
0 total (US 0; CS 0;)
nps-mo024-v1, Estimated Casualties · snapshot 66cb2a40b7e9…
Smith, commanding the Second Colorado Cavalry, was shot through the head and in stantly killed
britton-price-missouri-selections-v2, p.449 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 944893b13523…

responsibility

supportedunresolved Britton says Curtis came on the field, placed troops and batteries in person and ordered Blunt to retire; Blunt dismounted and formed the line. Price says he ordered Shelby to Marmaduke's relief and that Fagan supported without being engaged. The frozen commanders are Major Generals Sterling Price and Samuel R. Curtis.

Command roles from a history and an interested report; no automatic sole credit.

directed the movements of troops and the placing of batteries in position in person.
britton-price-missouri-selections-v2, p.447 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 944893b13523…
General Curtis, who was present on the field directing the general movements of his forces, ordered General Blunt to retire his command on the road to Independence.
britton-price-missouri-selections-v2, p.448 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 944893b13523…
I had sent orders to Brigadier- General Shelby to march rapidly to his relief
or41-1-price-missouri-selections-v1, p.634 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 7a18d48e08b2…
Fagan’s division under my orders supported Shelby, but were not immediately engaged.
or41-1-price-missouri-selections-v1, p.634 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 7a18d48e08b2…
Major General
arnold-cwsac-commanders, battle MO024, belligerent Confederate, fullname Sterling Price; column rank · snapshot 6c587c298717…
Major General
arnold-cwsac-commanders, battle MO024, belligerent US, fullname Samuel R. Curtis; column rank · snapshot 6c587c298717…
Samuel Curtis [US]
nps-mo024-v1, Principal Commanders · snapshot 66cb2a40b7e9…

strength

unknownunresolved

No inspected return establishes matched personnel at a common opening boundary. The frozen side-specific numerical strength bounds are blank (missing_numeric_strength). No figure in this pass is adopted as a simultaneous opening force.

disputedunresolved The frozen force field reads 1st Division, Army of the Border and Army of Missouri; the live field reads zero. NPS gives Blunt's force as about 2,000 and says Confederate numerical superiority told in the five-hour fight. Britton says Moonlight's Second Brigade held the crossing and Blunt brought Jennison's and Ford's brigades and McLain's battery of five 3-inch rifles, and that Shelby's division waded the stream to form on the left of Marmaduke's while Price brought Fagan's division forward in their support. Price says Lawther's regiment met the enemy in superior numbers, Greene came up with about 150 men, and his troops held against far superior numbers.

Unit identifications and contradictory statements of numerical superiority; no count at the action. None is adopted as a matched opening strength. The live zero is not measured absence.

1st Division, Army of the Border [US]; Army of Missouri [CS]
arnold-cwsac-battles, battle MO024; column forces_text · snapshot 952b5d08402a…
0 total (US 0; CS 0;)
nps-mo024-v1, Forces Engaged · snapshot 66cb2a40b7e9…
a force of about 2,000 men under the command of Maj. Gen. James G. Blunt
nps-mo024-v1, Description · snapshot 66cb2a40b7e9…
their numerical superiority took its toll in the five-hour battle.
nps-mo024-v1, Description · snapshot 66cb2a40b7e9…
Captain McLain's Colorado battery of five 3-inch rifled guns
britton-price-missouri-selections-v2, p.445 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 944893b13523…
General Curtis decided to order General Blunt with the brigades of Colonels Jennison and
britton-price-missouri-selections-v2, p.446 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 944893b13523…
waded the stream and formed on the west side, on the left of Marmaduke's division.
britton-price-missouri-selections-v2, p.446 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 944893b13523…
to bring forward Fagan's division to the support of Marmaduke and Shelby.
britton-price-missouri-selections-v2, p.446 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 944893b13523…
who were strongly posted behind a stone fence in superior numbers.
or41-1-price-missouri-selections-v1, p.634 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 7a18d48e08b2…
re-enforced by Colonel Greene with about 150 men.
or41-1-price-missouri-selections-v1, p.634 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 7a18d48e08b2…
the far- superior numbers of the enemy
or41-1-price-missouri-selections-v1, p.634 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 7a18d48e08b2…

terrain

supportedunresolved NPS describes a strong defensive position on the west bank; Britton says Blunt took a good position along the bluffs and that Moonlight held a stone fence at right angles to the road, the fords above and below the burned bridge being forced. Price says a ford half a mile below the bridge was seized.

Ground described by a summary, a history and an interested report; no map verification.

a strong defensive position on the west bank
nps-mo024-v1, Description · snapshot 66cb2a40b7e9…
took up a good defensive position along the bluffs
britton-price-missouri-selections-v2, p.444 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 944893b13523…
a good position behind a stone fence running at right angles to the road
britton-price-missouri-selections-v2, p.446 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 944893b13523…
A ford half mile below the bridge was seized by our troops
or41-1-price-missouri-selections-v1, p.634 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 7a18d48e08b2…

Open questions