Chickasaw Bayou MS003

1862-12-26 to 1862-12-29 · MS · Operations Against Vicksburg [December 1862-January 1863] · frozen result: Confederate · NPS summary (as listed)

CWSAC description
On December 26, 1862, three Union divisions, under Maj. Gen. William T. Sherman, disembarked at Johnson's Plantation on the Yazoo River to approach the Vicksburg defenses from the northeast while a fourth landed farther upstream on the 27th. On the 27th, the Federals pushed their lines forward through the swamps toward Walnut Hills, which were strongly defended. On the 28th, several futile attempts were made to get around these defenses. On December 29, Sherman ordered a frontal assault which was repulsed with heavy casualties. Sherman then withdrew. This Confederate victory frustrated Grant's attempts to take Vicksburg by direct approach.

Command responsibility (ledger v2)

US: William T. Sherman

Grade A under rule 2; echelon corps_or_wing.

A cited passage states the command.

Major General
arnold-cwsac-commanders, battle MS003, belligerent US, fullname William T. Sherman; column rank · snapshot 6c587c298717…
three Union divisions, under Maj. Gen. William T. Sherman
arnold-cwsac-battles, battle MS003; column description · snapshot 952b5d08402a…

Confederate: John C. Pemberton

Grade B under rule 2; echelon unknown.

Single CWSAC listing; no inspected passage states or contradicts the command. Greene dates Pemberton's arrival in Vicksburg (December 26) and names Martin L. Smith's original garrison; neither states that Pemberton commanded the engaged forces.

Lieutenant General
arnold-cwsac-commanders, battle MS003, belligerent Confederate, fullname John C. Pemberton; column rank · snapshot 6c587c298717…

Side strength (ledger v3)

US: grade A, 30,720 (29,180–33,600)

basis_mixedcompiled_dependencewhole_engagement_leakage

InputClassPrintedBasisBoundCodesPassage
us-lv-effA30,720reported_effective
Effectives estimated at 93 per cent. [3] 30,720
livermore-transcription-v1, p.96 (page image livermore-p96-image-v1) · snapshot e9fc742fdcb6…
us-lv-pfdA33,033present_for_duty
Present for duty in A. J. Smith's, M. L. Smith's, Morgan's, and Steele's divisions 33,033
livermore-transcription-v1, p.96 (page image livermore-p96-image-v1) · snapshot e9fc742fdcb6…
us-greeneB32,000unknowndossier claim reported-force-scope
us-greene-assaultbound6,000unknownone_sided_boundpartial_scopedossier claim reported-force-scope

Confederate: grade C, 13,790 (9,650–17,930)

basis_mixedcompiled_dependencepost_start_informationsingle_inputwhole_engagement_leakage

InputClassPrintedBasisBoundCodesPassage
cs-lvC13,792reported_engagedpost_engagement_state
Total engaged 13,792
livermore-transcription-v1, p.97 (page image livermore-p97-image-v1) · snapshot e9fc742fdcb6…
cs-greenebound12,000unknownlowerone_sided_bounddossier claim reported-force-scope
cs-greene-garrisonbound6,000unknownlowerpartial_scopedossier claim reported-force-scope

Dossier claims

Draft dossier, revision vicksburg-1862-review-correction-2026-09-25. Claims are extraction records with their quoted passages, not historical adjudication. JSON

information

supportedunresolved Greene says Confederate spies and detachments reported Sherman's progress twice a day, revealing the plan to Pemberton by December 23–24, while Sherman knew nothing of the Confederate reinforcements.

Retrospective reconstruction from the records; no inspected message log.

Sherman's progress was reported by them with great accuracy twice a day
greene-vicksburg-1862-selections-v1, p.74 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 0e7b68a692a7…
The whole plan was thus revealed to Johnston and Pemberton
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Sherman, however, knew nothing of the arrival of Confederate reinforcements
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logistics

supportedunresolved Greene says Morgan had the only pontoon train in the command, and that Steele found his way blocked by Thompson's Lake, crossable only on a narrow corduroy causeway enfiladed by a Confederate battery. His division was therefore ordered to cross back in the transports and come up in support of Morgan.

Movement constraints from one retrospective history; no inspected engineer or transport record.

Morgan, who had the only pon- toon train in the command
greene-vicksburg-1862-selections-v1, p.77 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 0e7b68a692a7…
Steele found his way blocked by Thompson's Lake
greene-vicksburg-1862-selections-v1, p.77 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 0e7b68a692a7…
which could only be crossed on a narrow corduroy causeway, completely enfiladed by one of the enemy's batteries
greene-vicksburg-1862-selections-v1, p.77 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 0e7b68a692a7…
cross back in the transports to the other side of Chickasaw Bayou, and come up in support of Mor- gan's division
greene-vicksburg-1862-selections-v1, p.77 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 0e7b68a692a7…

objectives

supportedunresolved Greene says Sherman meant to surprise Vicksburg and seize a point of the Walnut Hills while Grant held Pemberton near Grenada, and that the plan rested on surprise and cooperation, both of which miscarried.

Attributed plan from one retrospective history; no inspected orders.

to surprise, if j)ossible, the Confederates at Vicksburg
greene-vicksburg-1862-selections-v1, p.74 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 0e7b68a692a7…
The whole plan was based on the idea of a surprise on Sherman's part, and a co-operation between the two armies.
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It entirely miscarried.
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outcome

supportedpost_outcome The frozen and live results read Confederate victory. NPS and Greene say the December 29 assault was repulsed and Sherman withdrew; Greene says he re-embarked on January 2 and relinquished command to McClernand.

Retain the original result and engagement interval; later movements and campaign contribution are different measures. No new probabilities or individual causal credit. The re-embarkation and change of command follow the interval.

Confederate victory
arnold-cwsac-battles, battle MS003; column results_text · snapshot 952b5d08402a…
Confederate Victory
nps-ms003-v1, Results · snapshot 89668c7b03d5…
Sherman ordered a frontal assault which was repulsed with heavy casualties.
nps-ms003-v1, Description · snapshot 89668c7b03d5…
Sher- man therefore determined to re-embark his men
greene-vicksburg-1862-selections-v1, p.80 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 0e7b68a692a7…

disputedpost_outcome The frozen casualty text reads 1,983 total (US 1,776; CS 207); the live NPS field reads 1963 total (US 1776; CS 187;). In his account of the December 29 assault Greene gives the Union 'exact total' as 1,929 (191 killed, 982 wounded, 756 missing) without stating a date range. He gives Confederate losses for the skirmishing of December 27–28 and the assault of the 29th as 187 (57 killed, 120 wounded, 10 missing).

Original casualty returns were not inspected; preserve totals, categories, cutoffs and differences. No canonical reconciliation or casualty-based opening count; related actions must not be added without resolving population overlap. Greene's Confederate total matches the live field and differs from the frozen 207.

1,983 total (US 1,776; CS 207)
arnold-cwsac-battles, battle MS003; column casualties_text · snapshot 952b5d08402a…
1963 total (US 1776; CS 187;)
nps-ms003-v1, Estimated Casualties · snapshot 89668c7b03d5…
the exact total being 1,929, viz.: 191 killed, 982 wounded, and 756 missing.
greene-vicksburg-1862-selections-v1, p.79 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 0e7b68a692a7…
was only 57 killed, 120 wounded, and 10 missing ; total 187.
greene-vicksburg-1862-selections-v1, p.79 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 0e7b68a692a7…
the entire losses of the Confederates dur- ing the skirmishing of the 27th and 28th and the assault of the 29th
greene-vicksburg-1862-selections-v1, p.79 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 0e7b68a692a7…

responsibility

supportedunresolved Greene says only De Courcy's and Blair's brigades and one regiment reached the works, unsupported, while other brigades took a wrong direction, failed to bridge the lake or were not brought into action; M. L. Smith was wounded on the 28th. The frozen commanders are Sherman and Pemberton; the live heading ranks Sherman General against the frozen Major General.

Subordinate execution from one retrospective history; no listed commander receives automatic sole credit. The heading rank is not adopted.

These two brigades reached the enemy's works, but they were entirely unsupported
greene-vicksburg-1862-selections-v1, p.78 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 0e7b68a692a7…
Thayer's brigade of Steele's division took a wrong direction
greene-vicksburg-1862-selections-v1, p.78 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 0e7b68a692a7…
M. L. Smith was seriously wounded in the hip
greene-vicksburg-1862-selections-v1, p.77 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 0e7b68a692a7…
General William Sherman [US]
nps-ms003-v1, Principal Commanders · snapshot 89668c7b03d5…
Major General
arnold-cwsac-commanders, battle MS003, belligerent US, fullname William T. Sherman; column rank · snapshot 6c587c298717…

strength

unknownunresolved

No inspected return establishes matched personnel at a common opening boundary. The frozen side-specific numerical strength bounds are blank (missing_numeric_strength), and the live NPS zeros are not measured absence. No figure in this pass is adopted as a simultaneous opening force.

disputedunresolved The frozen force field names the Right Wing, XIII Corps, and the Department of Mississippi and East Louisiana; the live field reads zero. Greene gives Sherman's expedition about 32,000 men with 60 guns, says Sherman faced not less than 12,000 Confederates rather than the 6,000-man garrison, and that the brigades bearing the December 29 assault numbered not more than 6,000.

Expedition, defending-force and assaulting-force figures are different populations; none is adopted as a matched opening strength. Live zeros are not measured absence.

Right Wing, XIII Army Corps [US]; Department of Mississippi and East Louisiana [CS]
arnold-cwsac-battles, battle MS003; column forces_text · snapshot 952b5d08402a…
0 total (US 0; CS 0;)
nps-ms003-v1, Forces Engaged · snapshot 89668c7b03d5…
numbered in all about 32,000 men with 60 guns.
greene-vicksburg-1862-selections-v1, p.73 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 0e7b68a692a7…
Instead, then, of having to contend with the 6,000 men forming the garrison of Vicksburg, Sher- man had not less than 12,000 men in front of him
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numbering not more than 6,000 men in all
greene-vicksburg-1862-selections-v1, p.79 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 0e7b68a692a7…

terrain

supportedinherited Greene says the bluff was fully two hundred feet high with an unbroken view of the bottom land, which was low alluvial land, overflowed at the highest river stages and filled at all times with bayous and swamps. He says there were only five practicable crossings in twelve miles, all commanded by Confederate batteries. NPS calls the Walnut Hills strongly defended.

Inherited ground at the landing; retrospective description without map verification or a numerical effect.

The bluff was fully two hundred feet high, and had an unbroken view of the whole bottom land as far as the Yazoo.
greene-vicksburg-1862-selections-v1, p.75 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 0e7b68a692a7…
overflowed in the highest stages of the liver
greene-vicksburg-1862-selections-v1, p.75 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 0e7b68a692a7…
filled at all times with a number of bayous and swamps.
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there were but five points where it was practicable to pass from the Yazoo through the network of bayous
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All of these j>oints were commanded by Con- federate batteries.
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toward Walnut Hills, which were strongly defended.
nps-ms003-v1, Description · snapshot 89668c7b03d5…

Open questions