Stony Lake ND003

supportedunresolved Sibley saw a large mounted force moving on the column while part of the wagons were still in camp; Crooks says the attack came as the column was forming and the transportation was scattered.

Timing and knowledge attributed in interested reports; no message log inspected.

supportedunresolved Sibley says exhaustion of the animals forced the halt at Stony Lake with scarce grass, and his jaded horses could not overtake the retreating Indians.

Animal condition from an interested report; not a return.

supportedunresolved Sibley calls the attack the combined bands' last effort to stop his advance toward their families; Crooks says it aimed to destroy the transportation and delay the advance so the families could escape.

Aims inferred by opponents. No account by the Dakota bands was inspected; their numbers, aims and losses come from their opponents' estimates, prisoners' or scouts' statements relayed by them, or the NPS summary.

supportedpost_outcome The frozen and live results read Union victory. Sibley says the Indians fired parting volleys and retreated; NPS quotes his description of the largest conflict by numbers.

Retain the original result and engagement interval; later movements and campaign contribution are different measures. No new probabilities or individual causal credit.

supportedpost_outcome The frozen casualty text reads Unknown; the live field reads 0 (US 0; CS 0). No inspected report gives a loss for July 28 alone; Sibley's at least 150 covers all three engagements.

Original casualty returns were not inspected; preserve totals, categories, cutoffs and differences. No canonical reconciliation or casualty-based opening count; related actions must not be added without resolving population overlap. The live zeros are not adopted as measured losses.

supportedunresolved The frozen US commander is Brigadier General Henry Hastings Sibley. The frozen and live Native American commander is Inkpaduta (no rank; the live page tags him [CS], not adopted); none of the inspected reports names him, so his role is not established here. Sibley says the regiments took their positions before his orders reached them and that he formed the column in line of battle and resumed the march; Crooks credits Averill's deployment.

Command roles from interested reports; no automatic sole credit.

unknownunresolved

No inspected return establishes matched personnel at a common opening boundary. The frozen side-specific numerical strength bounds are blank (missing_numeric_strength). No figure in this pass is adopted as a simultaneous opening force.

supportedunresolved The frozen force field names the District of Minnesota and the Santee and Teton Sioux without figures; the live field reads 0. Sibley estimates the warriors at no less than 2,200 to 2,500 and, from various sources including the Indians' own conversations with his half-breed scouts, the combined camp at nearly 10,000 souls, formed by the remnant of the bands that escaped with Little Crow joining the Sissetons, the Cut-heads and the Chank-ton-ais; his naming of Little Crow's band is not evidence about Inkpaduta. Crooks gives at least 2,000 mounted men.

Opponents' estimates of the attacking force on July 28 (2,200 to 2,500; at least 2,000) and of the whole combined camp (10,000 souls, undated, from various sources including the Indians' conversations with his half-breed scouts), of different scopes. No account by the Dakota bands was inspected; their numbers, aims and losses come from their opponents' estimates, prisoners' or scouts' statements relayed by them, or the NPS summary. None is adopted as a matched opening strength.

supportedunresolved Sibley says the train was toiling up a long hill when the Indians formed two-thirds of a circle 5 or 6 miles long; Crooks's regiment held the center on the north side of the lake.

Ground and the attackers' deployment from interested reports; tag unresolved. No map verification.