Glorieta Pass NM002

supportedunresolved Chivington's March 26 march intended to surprise a small enemy force at Santa Fe. On the 28th Slough moved on spies' reports and says he met the enemy where he was not expected, so that the action was defensive throughout; Chivington's column learned of the main engagement only from retaken prisoners. Scurry was warned by his advance guard about 6 miles from camp, and says the party that burned his train passed undiscovered around the mountains.

Reported knowledge in interested accounts; no message chain inspected.

disputedunresolved Chivington says he found 80 wagons and one field piece at Johnson's Ranch in charge of some 200 men, and that the wagons, loaded with ammunition, clothing, subsistence and forage, were burned or rendered useless; Slough gives the train as about 60 wagons and calls its loss a most serious disaster that deprived the enemy of provisions, of which he was short. Scurry says the loss of his supplies kept him from following up, that his men went two days unfed and without blankets, and that he went to Santa Fe for food; he had sent the train forward under a guard of 100 men on the 26th.

The wagon count differs (80 against about 60). Train destruction is a reported effect of the flanking column, not a supply return; phase unresolved.

supportedunresolved Slough says he moved to reconnoiter in force and harass the enemy, detaching Chivington with instructions to push forward to Johnson's, and that Canby's instructions were to protect Fort Union at all hazards, so he would now take a covering position. Scurry says that when the enemy did not appear he marched forward to attack. NPS says both commanders decided to attack on the 28th.

Stated aims; the NPS summary and Slough's 'reconnoiter' framing differ in emphasis. Not evaluated.

disputedpost_outcome The frozen and live results are Union victory. Scurry reports another Confederate victory, the enemy's infantry fleeing the field, and his withdrawal to Santa Fe for food. Slough says that on hearing of Chivington's success, the object of the movement being achieved, he fell back in order to camp. NPS says Slough retired first, Scurry then left the field believing he had won, and the destruction of the train forced his retreat to Santa Fe.

Retain the original result and engagement interval; later movements and campaign contribution are different measures. No new probabilities or individual causal credit. The tactical field result and the campaign effect of the lost train are distinct and both reported.

disputedpost_outcome Frozen: 331 total (US 142; CS 189). Live: 359 total (US 132; CS 227). For March 26, Chivington gives 5 killed and 14 wounded against 32 killed, 43 wounded and 71 prisoners by the enemy's own accounts; Slough's synopsis gives 3 killed, 2 since died and some 8 wounded against 20 to 25 killed and about 70 prisoners. For March 28, Slough's March 29 report estimates about 20 killed, 50 wounded and 30 missing, with 40 to 60 enemy killed, probably over 100 wounded and some 25 prisoners taken; his synopsis gives 1 officer and 28 men killed, 2 officers and 40 men wounded and some 15 prisoners, and estimates at least 100 Confederate killed and 150 wounded. Scurry's March 30 letter gives 33 killed and, he believes, 35 wounded, and over 75 enemy killed; his March 31 loss line is garbled in OCR, though it gives 24, 1 and 8 killed by regiment. Chivington reports 17 prisoners taken at the train.

Original casualty returns were not inspected; preserve totals, categories, cutoffs and differences. No canonical reconciliation or casualty-based opening count; related actions must not be added without resolving population overlap. The March 26 and 28 figures must not be summed without resolving overlap with the frozen interval total.

supportedunresolved The frozen rows list Pyron (Major) and Scurry (Lieutenant Colonel) for the Confederates and Chivington (Major) and Slough (Colonel) for the Union; the live page styles Chivington 'Major General', and the OR headings style Scurry colonel. Slough says he claimed command of the division by seniority of volunteer commission and sent Chivington's column by a road to the left of the canon; Chivington commanded on the 26th and led the column to Johnson's Ranch, whence Slough ordered him to support the main column. Scurry marched to Pyron's relief on the night of the 26th and on the 28th directed Pyron, Ragnet and Shropshire on the flanks. Chivington's postscript says the guide Collins did not burn the train or cause it to be burned.

Command assignments reported by the commanders; no listed commander receives automatic sole credit. The train's destruction is attributed to Chivington's command, not rated.

unknownunresolved

No inspected return establishes matched personnel at a common opening boundary. The frozen side-specific numerical strength bounds are blank (missing_numeric_strength). No figure in this pass is adopted as a simultaneous opening force.

disputedunresolved The frozen force field names the Northern Division against the 4th, 5th and 7th Texas, artillery and a company of independent volunteers without counts; the live field reads zero. NPS gives Pyron 200-300 Texans and Chivington more than 400 on March 26, and about 1,100 Confederates against about 900 with Slough on the 28th. Chivington's March 26 report totals his force at 418; Slough's March 30 synopsis calls it 200 cavalry and 180 infantry and gives the division's organization (First Colorado aggregate 916, with smaller detachments). For the 28th Slough reports leaving camp nearly 1,300 strong and detaching about 430 under Chivington; he puts the enemy at about 1,000 from spies, at 1,200 to 1,300 in the canon from spies and prisoners, and in the synopsis at an estimated 1,200 to 3,400. Scurry says his force did not number over 600 fit for duty and that the enemy is now known to have numbered 1,400.

Detachment counts, a divisional organization and each side's estimates, on different days; the March 26 and 28 forces differ. Slough's '1,200 to 3,400' is as read in OCR, not checked against print. None is adopted as a matched opening strength. The live zero is not measured absence.

supportedunresolved NPS places the pass at the southern tip of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains on the Santa Fe Trail. Slough says the country made the fight 'of the bushwhacking kind' and that all fighting was in thick cedar cover. Scurry deployed across the canon from a fence to the pine forest and later found the enemy behind an adobe wall or a ledge of rocks; he calls his March 27 position at Johnson's Ranch naturally very strong. Chivington's March 26 report says the Confederates fell back about 1½ miles (read '1£' in OCR) to a more advantageous position covering the mountain sides.

Ground described by interested reports and a summary; no map verification. Phase unresolved.