Chusto-Talasah OK002
1861-12-09 to 1861-12-09 · OK · Operations in the Indian Territory [November-December 1861] · frozen result: Confederate · NPS summary (as listed)
Following Chief Opothleyahola and his Union force's defeat at Round Mountain, he retreated northeastward, in search of safety. On December 9, 1861, the force was at Chusto-Talasah, or Caving Banks, on the Horseshoe Bend of Bird Creek when Col. Douglas H. Cooper's 1,300 Confederates attacked Chief Opothleyahola around 2:00 pm. Chief Opothleyahola knew Cooper was coming and had placed his troops in a strong position at Horseshoe Bend. For almost four hours, Cooper attacked and attempted to outflank the Federals, finally driving them east across Bird Creek just before dark. Cooper camped there overnight but did not pursue the Federals because he was short of ammunition. The Confederates claimed victory. Chief Opothleyahola and his band moved off in search of security elsewhere. Although the Confederates had gained a victory, they would win a resounding one later in the month at Chustenahlah.
Dossier claims
Draft dossier, revision indian-territory-1861-review-correction-2026-09-25. Claims are extraction records with their quoted passages, not historical adjudication. JSON
information
supportedunresolved Cooper says Major Pegg returned from the chief's camp reporting several thousand warriors painted for the fight, and the Cherokee regiment dispersed in panic that night. NPS says the chief knew Cooper was coming.
Knowledge attributed by an interested report and a summary; no message log inspected.
Major Pegg had returned without being able to reach Hopo- eithleyohola, who was surrounded by his warriors, several thousand in number, all painted for the fightor8-cooper-indian-territory-selections-v1, p.8 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
accdfb9e9d4d…that the Cherokee regiment, panic-stricken, had dispersed, leaving their tents standingor8-cooper-indian-territory-selections-v1, p.8 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
accdfb9e9d4d…logistics
supportedunresolved Cooper says his ammunition was nearly exhausted afterwards; NPS says he did not pursue for that reason, and Britton that he fell back to Fort Gibson to await supplies and ammunition.
Supply statements from an interested report, a summary and a history; not a return.
My supply of ammunition being nearly exhaustedor8-cooper-indian-territory-selections-v1, p.11 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
accdfb9e9d4d…he retreated to Fort Gibson to await supplies and ammunition from Fort Smith.britton-border-1-indian-territory-selections-v1, p.171 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
c2af3ddfdeea…objectives
supportedunresolved Cooper says he proposed a conference with assurances that bloodshed was not desired, then moved to keep open communication with his depot at Coweta Mission; Britton says the chief determined to give blow for blow.
Stated aims from an interested report and a history.
the assurance that we did not desire the shedding of blood among the Indians, and proposed a conference next day.or8-cooper-indian-territory-selections-v1, p.7 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
accdfb9e9d4d…with a view of taking a position which would enable me to keep open communication with the depot at Coweta Missionor8-cooper-indian-territory-selections-v1, p.8 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
accdfb9e9d4d…determined to give them blow for blow.britton-border-1-indian-territory-selections-v1, p.168 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
c2af3ddfdeea…outcome
disputedpost_outcome The frozen and live results read Confederate victory; NPS says Cooper drove the defenders across Bird Creek. Cooper says the enemy disappeared from his front after over four hours; Britton says the Confederates withdrew to their camp five miles back and Cooper, badly crippled, retreated to Fort Gibson.
Retain the original result and engagement interval; later movements and campaign contribution are different measures. No new probabilities or individual causal credit.
finally driving them east across Bird Creek just before dark.nps-ok002-v1, Description · snapshot
0b58c6f93059…The firing now entirely silenced, the enemy disappeared from our entire frontor8-cooper-indian-territory-selections-v1, p.10 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
accdfb9e9d4d…The battle lasted over four hours.or8-cooper-indian-territory-selections-v1, p.10 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
accdfb9e9d4d…the Confederates with- drew from the field and retreated to their camp, some five miles back.britton-border-1-indian-territory-selections-v1, p.171 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
c2af3ddfdeea…Colonel Cooper was so badly crippled in the engagementbritton-border-1-indian-territory-selections-v1, p.171 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
c2af3ddfdeea…disputedpost_outcome The frozen casualty text reads Unknown; the live field reads 464 (US 412; CS 52). Cooper reports 15 killed and 37 wounded and says prisoners admitted an enemy loss of 412, probably 500; Britton repeats Cooper's figures but says the chief's loss, though not known, was much less than the Confederates'.
Original casualty returns were not inspected; preserve totals, categories, cutoffs and differences. No canonical reconciliation or casualty-based opening count; related actions must not be added without resolving population overlap. The live US 412 equals the prisoners' figure in Cooper's report; that is not independent confirmation.
Our loss was 15 killed and 37 wounded.or8-cooper-indian-territory-selections-v1, p.10 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
accdfb9e9d4d…Their loss, as admitted by prisoners taken in our last scout, was 412. It probably was 500 in killed arid wounded.or8-cooper-indian-territory-selections-v1, p.10 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
accdfb9e9d4d…Hopoeithleyohola's loss was not known exactly, but was much less than that of the Confederatesbritton-border-1-indian-territory-selections-v1, p.171 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
c2af3ddfdeea…responsibility
supportedunresolved The frozen commanders are Colonel Douglas H. Cooper and Opothleyahola; the live page gives Cooper as Brigadier General. Cooper's report says, in the passive, that the forces were formed in three columns and that D. N. McIntosh's Creek regiment was ordered to turn the enemy's right; Britton says Cooper ordered his train parked and formed his troops in three columns. Britton credits the chief with choosing the position.
Command roles from an interested report and a history; the live rank is not adopted and there is no automatic sole credit.
Colonelarnold-cwsac-commanders, battle OK002, belligerent Confederate, fullname Douglas H. Cooper; column rank · snapshot
6c587c298717…Opothleyaholaarnold-cwsac-commanders, battle OK002, belligerent Native American, fullname Opothleyahola; column fullname · snapshot
6c587c298717…the forces were formed in three columnsor8-cooper-indian-territory-selections-v1, p.8 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
accdfb9e9d4d…Col. D. N. McIntosh, with his Creek regiment, was ordered to turn the right of the enemy on the creek.or8-cooper-indian-territory-selections-v1, p.8 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
accdfb9e9d4d…Colonel Cooper ordered his train parked in the prairiebritton-border-1-indian-territory-selections-v1, p.169 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
c2af3ddfdeea…The position chosen by Hopoeithleyohola at Chusto- Talasahbritton-border-1-indian-territory-selections-v1, p.170 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
c2af3ddfdeea…strength
unknownunresolved
No inspected return establishes matched personnel at a common opening boundary. The frozen side-specific numerical strength bounds are blank (missing_numeric_strength). No figure in this pass is adopted as a simultaneous opening force.
disputedunresolved The frozen force field has no figures; the live field reads CS 1,300 and the description Cooper's 1,300. Cooper started with 780 and ordered Drew's detachment of about 500 and Sims's Texans to join him; Drew's regiment dispersed in panic the night before the battle. He says his force actually engaged did not exceed 1,100, and that the enemy was certainly over 2,500, 4,000 by Cherokee prisoners, after an escaped prisoner's report of 2,000; at the house his men never equalled half the enemy's. Britton gives Cooper some eleven hundred mounted men with Drew's five hundred and Sims's three hundred.
Column, engaged and estimated opposing figures of different moments; the CWSAC 1,300 is not traced. No account by Opothleyahola's side was inspected; every figure for his force and losses is an opponent's estimate or a history's. None is adopted as a matched opening strength.
Creek and Seminole [I]; Indian Department [CS]arnold-cwsac-battles, battle OK002; column forces_text · snapshot
952b5d08402a…in all 780 men— were put in motion on the 29th of Novemberor8-cooper-indian-territory-selections-v1, p.7 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
accdfb9e9d4d…Col. John Drew, with a detachment of his regiment about 500 strongor8-cooper-indian-territory-selections-v1, p.7 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
accdfb9e9d4d…The force on our side actually engaged did not exceed 1,100, a strong guard being necessary at the Cherokee train.or8-cooper-indian-territory-selections-v1, p.10 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
accdfb9e9d4d…The force of the enemy in the engagement at Cliusto-Talasah was certainly over 2,500. Several Cherokee prisoners stated it at 4,000.or8-cooper-indian-territory-selections-v1, p.10 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
accdfb9e9d4d…an immediate attack was intended by the enemy, 2,000 strong.or8-cooper-indian-territory-selections-v1, p.7 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
accdfb9e9d4d…at no time during the conflict here did our force equal one-half that number.or8-cooper-indian-territory-selections-v1, p.10 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
accdfb9e9d4d…some one thousand one hundred mounted menbritton-border-1-indian-territory-selections-v1, p.168 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
c2af3ddfdeea…Colonel Drew, commanding the Cherokee regiment of five hundred men, and Colonel Sims, with three hundred men of the Fourth Texas Cavalrybritton-border-1-indian-territory-selections-v1, p.168 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
c2af3ddfdeea…terrain
supportedunresolved Cooper describes a precipitous creek bank some 30 feet high on the attackers' side, a wooded horseshoe bend 400 or 500 yards long, and the far side fortified by fallen logs; Britton calls the position naturally very strong against small arms. NPS says the chief placed his troops in a strong position at Horseshoe Bend.
Natural ground with some prepared cover, described by an interested report, a history and a summary; no map verification.
The creek made up to the prairie on the side of our approach in an abrupt, precipitous bank, some 30 feet in heightor8-cooper-indian-territory-selections-v1, p.9 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
accdfb9e9d4d…a bend of the creek of horseshoe form, about 400 or 500 yards m length.or8-cooper-indian-territory-selections-v1, p.9 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
accdfb9e9d4d…and fortified additionally by prostrate logs.or8-cooper-indian-territory-selections-v1, p.9 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
accdfb9e9d4d…was naturally a very strong one to resist an attack made with small-arms.britton-border-1-indian-territory-selections-v1, p.170 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
c2af3ddfdeea…had placed his troops in a strong position at Horseshoe Bend.nps-ok002-v1, Description · snapshot
0b58c6f93059…Open questions
- D. N. McIntosh's, Drew's, Sims's, Hall's, McCurtain's and Pitchlynn's reports (Nos. 4-9), returns and maps remain deferred.
- NPS/CWSAC (the live battle page and the frozen Arnold rows) is one family. Cooper's January 20, 1862 report covers all three engagements and is an interested Confederate account; it is written after McIntosh's January 1 report and criticizes McIntosh. Wiley Britton's The Civil War on the Border, vol. I (second edition, 1891) is a retrospective history by a Union soldier of the border army, based by its title page on the official reports; it is not independent of the report families. Official Records volumes are shared containers, not additional witnesses. Report dates are not event times or proof of contemporary knowledge.
- No automatic commander attribution, causal campaign score, morale/readiness number or battle/campaign double counting.