Old Fort Wayne OK004

1862-10-22 to 1862-10-22 · OK · Operations North of Boston Mountains [August-November 1862] · frozen result: Union · NPS summary (as listed)

CWSAC description
Brig. Gen. James G. Blunt and his troops attacked Col. Douglas H. Cooper and his Confederate command on Beatties Prairie near Old Fort Wayne at 7:00 am on October 22, 1862. The Confederates put up stiff resistance for a half hour, but overwhelming numbers forced them to retire from the field in haste, leaving artillery and equipage behind. This was a setback in the 1862 Confederate offensive that extended from the tidewater in the east to the plains of the Indian Territory of the west.

Command responsibility (ledger v2)

US: James G. Blunt

Grade A under rule 2; echelon division. superior_directing

A cited passage states the command: Blunt's advance made the attack and he reports it as commanding the First Division, Army of the Frontier. He acted 'in pursuance of your instructions of the 20th instant' in a report addressed to Schofield, commanding the Army of the Frontier (superior_directing: Schofield).

Brigadier General
arnold-cwsac-commanders, battle OK004, belligerent US, fullname James G. Blunt; column rank · snapshot 6c587c298717…
The attack was made by my advance, consisting of the Second Kansas Volunteers and two mountain how- itzers
or13-blunt-old-fort-wayne-selections-v1 · snapshot fdd713990910…
Brig. Gen. James G. Blunt and his troops attacked Col. Douglas H. Cooper
arnold-cwsac-battles, battle OK004; column description · snapshot 952b5d08402a…
commanding First Division , Army of the Frontier
or13-blunt-old-fort-wayne-selections-v1 · snapshot fdd713990910…

Confederate: Buster

Grade C under rule 2; echelon unknown. responsibility_unresolvedsuperior_directing

Other candidates: Douglas H. Cooper, Stand Watie

Cooper says that 'Owing to my illness on the day of the battle Lieutenant- Colonel Buster was in command', which names a different officer commanding when the fighting began (rule 2, third bullet). The description and Blunt put the attack on Cooper's command, and Blunt names 'Cooper and Stand Watie'; Cooper says Watie 'has command during my illness' when he wrote on the 25th, and his December 15 report sets the march on Fort Scott for the 22nd 'under command of Col, Stand Watie', Cooper being too ill to accompany it; the ledger reads these as the time of writing and the planned expedition, given the postscript naming Buster 'on the day of the battle', but records Watie as a candidate. Cooper also says he sent 'order after order' to his scattered forces to come together before the attack (superior_directing: Cooper).

Colonel
arnold-cwsac-commanders, battle OK004, belligerent Confederate, fullname Douglas H. Cooper; column rank · snapshot 6c587c298717…
Owing to my illness on the day of the battle Lieutenant- Colonel Buster was in command
or13-cooper-newtonia-old-fort-wayne-selections-v2 · snapshot d423891e3594…
attacked Col. Douglas H. Cooper and his Confederate command on Beatties Prairie
arnold-cwsac-battles, battle OK004; column description · snapshot 952b5d08402a…
I sent them order after order to come together
or13-cooper-newtonia-old-fort-wayne-selections-v2 · snapshot d423891e3594…
Colonel Watie, who has command during my illness
or13-cooper-newtonia-old-fort-wayne-selections-v2 · snapshot d423891e3594…
under command of Col, Stand Watie
or13-cooper-newtonia-old-fort-wayne-selections-v2 · snapshot d423891e3594…

Side strength (ledger v3)

US: grade D: no usable figure (modelled in the rating runs)

whole_engagement_leakage

InputClassPrintedBasisBoundCodesPassage
us-2kansasbound600unknownone_sided_boundpartial_scopedossier claim reported-force-scope
us-cooper-5000bound5,000unknownloweradversary_or_hearsay_estimateone_sided_bounddossier claim reported-force-scope

Confederate: grade B, 1,500 (1,280–6,000)

whole_engagement_leakage

InputClassPrintedBasisBoundCodesPassage
cs-cooper-1500B1,500unknowndossier claim reported-force-scope
cs-blunt-4to7C4,000–7,000unknownadversary_or_hearsay_estimatedossier claim reported-force-scope
cs-blunt-5to7C5,000–7,000unknownadversary_or_hearsay_estimatedossier claim reported-force-scope
cs-blunt-near7000bound7,000unknownupperadversary_or_hearsay_estimateone_sided_bounddossier claim reported-force-scope

Dossier claims

Draft dossier, revision boston-mountains-1862-review-correction-2026-09-25. Claims are extraction records with their quoted passages, not historical adjudication. JSON

information

supportedunresolved Blunt says he went ahead disguised as an escaped rebel and learned the pickets, camp and strength from a woman whose husband was in the Confederate camp; the pickets heard his approach and alarmed the town, and he found that only three companies had kept up with him. Cooper says he learned on the evening of the 21st of a Federal force moving from Bentonville but took it for a scout, and that the Federals had been informed of his position by persons about his camps.

Reported knowledge in opposing interested reports; no message chain inspected.

disguised as a rebel just escaped from the Federals
or13-blunt-old-fort-wayne-selections-v1, p.326 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot fdd713990910…
She informed me where their pickets stood, of the location of their camp and of their strength
or13-blunt-old-fort-wayne-selections-v1, p.326 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot fdd713990910…
they heard us advancing across the prairie, and ran in, alarming the town as they went
or13-blunt-old-fort-wayne-selections-v1, p.326 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot fdd713990910…
the only troops with me had been three companies of the Second Kansas
or13-blunt-old-fort-wayne-selections-v1, p.326 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot fdd713990910…
I learned that a Federal force was mov- ing toward the line from Bentonville, but supposed it to be a scout.
or13-cooper-newtonia-old-fort-wayne-selections-v2, p.334 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot d423891e3594…
The Federals were informed (as has since been ascertained) by persons who were daily about our camps of my position, force, and intended movements.
or13-cooper-newtonia-old-fort-wayne-selections-v2, p.334 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot d423891e3594…

logistics

supportedunresolved Blunt says his men dropped asleep when halted on the night march and that pursuing horses gave out after 7 miles. Cooper says his Indian troops were barefoot and nearly naked, their ponies inefficient, that a train with 10,000 to 12,000 pounds of powder barely escaped, and that want of subsistence drove the brigade south after the retreat.

Condition statements from opposing interested reports; no supply return inspected.

no sooner were they halted than they dropped down in the brush by the road-side and were soon fast asleep.
or13-blunt-old-fort-wayne-selections-v1, p.326 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot fdd713990910…
their horses becoming exhausted from the long and wearisome march of the night before
or13-blunt-old-fort-wayne-selections-v1, p.327 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot fdd713990910…
The Indians are in a destitute condition — bare footed and nearly naked.
or13-cooper-newtonia-old-fort-wayne-selections-v2, p.332 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot d423891e3594…
the inefficiency of their ponies
or13-cooper-newtonia-old-fort-wayne-selections-v2, p.332 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot d423891e3594…
a valuable train, in which was some 10,000 or 12,000 pounds of powder.
or13-cooper-newtonia-old-fort-wayne-selections-v2, p.335 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot d423891e3594…
by want of subsistence, to move down to this place
or13-cooper-newtonia-old-fort-wayne-selections-v2, p.335 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot d423891e3594…

objectives

supportedunresolved Blunt intended to surprise and attack at daybreak. Cooper says he had been ordered to invade Kansas, had set the 22nd for the march on Fort Scott, and was unwilling to withdraw unless compelled by a superior force.

Stated aims; not evaluated.

It was my intention to have surprised and attacked them at day- break
or13-blunt-old-fort-wayne-selections-v1, p.328 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot fdd713990910…
ordered by him to invade Kansas
or13-cooper-newtonia-old-fort-wayne-selections-v2, p.332 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot d423891e3594…
ing set the 22d for all the available troops to march on Fort Scott
or13-cooper-newtonia-old-fort-wayne-selections-v2, p.334 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot d423891e3594…
I was unwilling to withdraw and abandon the expedition unless compelled to do so by a superior force.
or13-cooper-newtonia-old-fort-wayne-selections-v2, p.335 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot d423891e3594…

outcome

disputedpost_outcome The frozen and live results are Union victory. Blunt reports the complete rout of the enemy with the loss of all his artillery and a flight to Fort Gibson, 70 miles. Cooper says that but for the loss of the battery his troops would have had the advantage and the Federals had nothing to pride themselves on. NPS says overwhelming numbers forced the Confederates off the field after half an hour.

Retain the original result and engagement interval; later movements and campaign contribution are different measures. No new probabilities or individual causal credit.

Union victory
arnold-cwsac-battles, battle OK004; column results_text · snapshot 952b5d08402a…
Union Victory
nps-ok004-v1, Results · snapshot 48515b759899…
resulted in the complete and total rout of the enemy, with the loss of all their artillery
or13-blunt-old-fort-wayne-selections-v1, p.325 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot fdd713990910…
reached the Arkansas Biver at Fort Gibson, 70 miles from the battle ground
or13-blunt-old-fort-wayne-selections-v1, p.327 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot fdd713990910…
But for the loss of the battery we should have had decidedly the advantage of the Federals in the skirmish
or13-cooper-newtonia-old-fort-wayne-selections-v2, p.336 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot d423891e3594…
The Confederates put up stiff resistance for a half hour, but overwhelming numbers forced them to retire from the field in haste
nps-ok004-v1, Description · snapshot 48515b759899…

disputedpost_outcome Frozen and live: 164 total (US 14; CS 150). Blunt's dispatch gives 4 killed and about 15 wounded and 30 prisoners; his report gives 1 killed and 9 wounded, 4 of them mortally, about 50 Confederate dead buried, and 150 killed and wounded reported by Confederate wounded found in houses. Cooper gives 6 killed and about 30 wounded, and the Federal loss as 75 to 100. The compiled Confederate return's component columns are garbled in OCR; its aggregate column can be read as 37 (1st Cherokee), 4 (2d Creek) and 22 (Howell's battery), which sum to 63 (a computation) and match the final 63 of the total line.

Original casualty returns were not inspected; preserve totals, categories, cutoffs and differences. No canonical reconciliation or casualty-based opening count; related actions must not be added without resolving population overlap. The frozen CS 150 equals the figure Blunt attributes to Confederate wounded in houses; that is an observation, not a reconciliation. The return's aggregate of 63 is a compiled-return reading of unstated authorship, distinct from Cooper's 6 killed and about 30 wounded and from the frozen CS 150; none is adopted.

164 total (US 14; CS 150)
arnold-cwsac-battles, battle OK004; column casualties_text · snapshot 952b5d08402a…
164 total (US 14; CS 150;)
nps-ok004-v1, Estimated Casualties · snapshot 48515b759899…
My loss, as far as known, is 4 killed and about 15 wounded.
or13-blunt-old-fort-wayne-selections-v1, p.325 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot fdd713990910…
I have 30 pris- oners.
or13-blunt-old-fort-wayne-selections-v1, p.325 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot fdd713990910…
The casualties in my command were 1 killed upon the battle-field
or13-blunt-old-fort-wayne-selections-v1, p.327 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot fdd713990910…
9 wounded — 4 mortally, since dead
or13-blunt-old-fort-wayne-selections-v1, p.328 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot fdd713990910…
About 50 of their dead have been found upon the field and buried by my command.
or13-blunt-old-fort-wayne-selections-v1, p.328 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot fdd713990910…
report their loss in killed and wounded at 150
or13-blunt-old-fort-wayne-selections-v1, p.328 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot fdd713990910…
6 killed and about 30 wounded — while the Federal loss in killed and wounded was from 75 to 100.
or13-cooper-newtonia-old-fort-wayne-selections-v2, p.335 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot d423891e3594…
1st Cherokee Regiment .. 1 1 5 2 28 37
or13-cooper-newtonia-old-fort-wayne-selections-v2, p.336 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot d423891e3594…
2d Creek Regiment 2 2 4
or13-cooper-newtonia-old-fort-wayne-selections-v2, p.336 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot d423891e3594…
Howell’s hat.tery _ 1 16 5 22
or13-cooper-newtonia-old-fort-wayne-selections-v2, p.336 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot d423891e3594…
Total 2 1 4 21 2 83 63
or13-cooper-newtonia-old-fort-wayne-selections-v2, p.336 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot d423891e3594…

responsibility

supportedunresolved The frozen rows list Cooper (Colonel) and Blunt (Brigadier General); the live page styles Cooper Brigadier General, and his December report is signed as Brigadier-General. Blunt led the advance, opened with the Second Kansas and two howitzers, and credits Crawford's charge with taking the battery; he blames the main column's failure to move as ordered for the lost surprise. Cooper says he was ill and that Lieutenant-Colonel Buster was in command on the day of the battle, and that Watie had command during his illness when he wrote on October 25; he blames Rains's detachment of the Texas regiments, Sampson Folsom's disobedience and his own illness.

The listed Confederate commander was, by his own account, not directing the fight; Buster and Watie are not listed commanders. No listed commander receives automatic sole credit.

Colonel
arnold-cwsac-commanders, battle OK004, belligerent Confederate, fullname Douglas H. Cooper; column rank · snapshot 6c587c298717…
Brigadier General
arnold-cwsac-commanders, battle OK004, belligerent US, fullname James G. Blunt; column rank · snapshot 6c587c298717…
Brigadier General Douglas Cooper [CS]
nps-ok004-v1, Principal Commanders · snapshot 48515b759899…
The attack was made by my advance, consisting of the Second Kansas Volunteers and two mountain how- itzers
or13-blunt-old-fort-wayne-selections-v1, p.325 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot fdd713990910…
all under the command of Capt. S. J. Crawford, made a gallant charge
or13-blunt-old-fort-wayne-selections-v1, p.327 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot fdd713990910…
the neglect of the column to move forward as ordered
or13-blunt-old-fort-wayne-selections-v1, p.328 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot fdd713990910…
Owing to my illness on the day of the battle Lieutenant- Colonel Buster was in command
or13-cooper-newtonia-old-fort-wayne-selections-v2, p.332 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot d423891e3594…
Colonel Watie, who has command during my illness
or13-cooper-newtonia-old-fort-wayne-selections-v2, p.332 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot d423891e3594…
the disobedience of orders by Col. Sampson Folsom
or13-cooper-newtonia-old-fort-wayne-selections-v2, p.335 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot d423891e3594…

strength

unknownunresolved

No inspected return establishes matched personnel at a common opening boundary. The frozen side-specific numerical strength bounds are blank (missing_numeric_strength). No figure in this pass is adopted as a simultaneous opening force.

disputedunresolved The frozen force field names Blunt's 1st Division, Army of the Frontier against the 1st Brigade without counts; the live field reads zero. Blunt's dispatch estimates the enemy at 4,000 to 7,000; his report gives 5,000 to 7,000 from scouts and near 7,000 from a local informant who said two Texas regiments had just joined, and says the Second Kansas with less than 600 men engaged a force more than ten times its number. Cooper says Rains had taken his four Texas regiments, that the Federal strength was at least 5,000 against his about 1,500, and at least three times his.

Detachment and brigade estimates on the same day, with a direct conflict over the Texas regiments' presence. None is adopted as a matched opening strength. The live zero is not measured absence.

1st Division, Army of the Frontier [US]; 1st Brigade [CS]
arnold-cwsac-battles, battle OK004; column forces_text · snapshot 952b5d08402a…
0 total (US 0; CS 0;)
nps-ok004-v1, Forces Engaged · snapshot 48515b759899…
Their force esti mated at from 4,000 to 7,000.
or13-blunt-old-fort-wayne-selections-v1, p.325 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot fdd713990910…
with a force variously estimated at from 5,000 to 7,000 men
or13-blunt-old-fort-wayne-selections-v1, p.325 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot fdd713990910…
which was near 7,000 men, two Texas regi- ments having joined them the day before.
or13-blunt-old-fort-wayne-selections-v1, p.326 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot fdd713990910…
With less than 600 men they engaged a force more than ten times their own number
or13-blunt-old-fort-wayne-selections-v1, p.328 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot fdd713990910…
While at Elm Springs General Rains deprived me of my four Texas regiments
or13-cooper-newtonia-old-fort-wayne-selections-v2, p.331 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot d423891e3594…
the Federal strength being at least 5,000, while mine was only about 1,500.
or13-cooper-newtonia-old-fort-wayne-selections-v2, p.335 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot d423891e3594…
their force was at least three times ours.
or13-cooper-newtonia-old-fort-wayne-selections-v2, p.336 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot d423891e3594…

terrain

supportedunresolved Blunt says the 30-mile night march ran through rough, wooded, hilly country to a prairie some 5 miles wide, and that the Confederate line faced him across a 200-yard pasture with two fences, near timber. NPS places the fight on Beatties Prairie near Old Fort Wayne.

Ground described by an interested report and a summary; no map verification. Phase unresolved.

the road through a rough, wooded, and hilly country.
or13-blunt-old-fort-wayne-selections-v1, p.326 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot fdd713990910…
an open prairie lay before us of some 5 miles in extent
or13-blunt-old-fort-wayne-selections-v1, p.326 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot fdd713990910…
a pasture of open ground, some 200 yards across, and two fences intervening.
or13-blunt-old-fort-wayne-selections-v1, p.327 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot fdd713990910…
on Beatties Prairie near Old Fort Wayne
nps-ok004-v1, Description · snapshot 48515b759899…

Open questions