Gettysburg PA002

supportedunresolved Lee says that without his cavalry he could not ascertain the Union army's intentions, that the enemy's advance to Gettysburg was unknown, that the army's movements had been much embarrassed by the cavalry's absence, and that the exhaustion of his artillery ammunition on July 3 was unknown to him when the assault began.

The commander's own account of his information; no inspected message log.

supportedunresolved Lee says the country was unfavorable for collecting supplies in the enemy's presence, that his batteries had nearly exhausted their ammunition before the July 3 infantry advance, and that the reduction of ammunition was one reason for withdrawing. Doubleday says Lee had but few rounds for his cannon on the retreat.

Supply statements from the Confederate commander and an interested history; no inspected ordnance return.

supportedunresolved Lee says he had not intended a general battle so far from his base unless attacked, but that, having come unexpectedly on the whole Federal army, a battle had become in a measure unavoidable; he chose to attack the Union left and, on July 3, the left center.

Lee's stated reasoning is his own report; no inspected orders.

supportedpost_outcome The frozen and live results read Union victory. Lee says his July 3 assault was driven back with heavy loss, and that the severe loss and reduced ammunition made another attempt inadvisable, so he determined to withdraw. Doubleday says more prisoners were taken on Webb's front than twice Webb's brigade, with 6 battle-flags and 1,463 muskets.

Retain the original result and engagement interval; later movements and campaign contribution are different measures. No new probabilities or individual causal credit.

disputedpost_outcome The frozen and live casualty texts read 51,000 total (US 23,000; CS 28,000). Doubleday relays the Count of Paris's estimates for the whole campaign: 23,186 Union and 22,728 Confederate. Lee says more than 5,000 prisoners were taken on July 1, and Doubleday that Pettigrew's division reportedly lost 2,000 prisoners on July 3.

Original casualty returns were not inspected; preserve totals, categories, cutoffs and differences. No canonical reconciliation or casualty-based opening count; related actions must not be added without resolving population overlap. The Count of Paris's figures span the whole campaign and are not assigned to this battle.

supportedunresolved Lee says Ewell was told to carry the hill if practicable but chose to await Johnson, that Rodes was not ready to support Early on July 2, and that Longstreet's dispositions on July 3 were not completed as early as expected. Doubleday says Pickett, seeing his men surrendering in masses, ordered a retreat. The frozen commanders are Meade, a Major General, and Lee, a General; the live heading ranks Lee Major General.

Judgments are attributed; the frozen commanders do not receive automatic sole credit. The heading rank is not adopted.

unknownunresolved

No inspected return establishes matched personnel at a common opening boundary. The frozen structured bounds (US 83,289; CS 75,054) are imported source-reported forces-engaged figures and remain unchanged; this pass does not validate them as simultaneous opening forces.

disputedunresolved The frozen force text reads 158,300 total (US 83,289; CS 75,054), with a frozen strength of 158300; the side figures sum to 158,343 (a computation here), which the live field gives. Doubleday says the Confederates had three corps to the Union seven. Lee says two of Heth's brigades encountered largely superior numbers on July 1, and that attacking that evening, without information on how near the rest of Meade's army was, risked exposing his four weakened divisions to overwhelming numbers of fresh troops.

The frozen total does not match its own components; the relative statements are not counts. None is adopted. The second is Lee's stated risk assessment, not an observed count.

supportedunresolved Lee says the Union army held a strong position on commanding elevations and a steep ridge, protected by stone and rail fences, with open, undulating ground in front for about three-quarters of a mile, and that earthworks had greatly increased the strength of the positions Johnson and Early attacked.

Ground combined with works built during the interval; boundaries unset and no map verification.