Memphis TN004
1862-06-06 to 1862-06-06 · TN · Joint Operations Against New Madrid, Island No. 10, and Memphis [February-June 1862] · frozen result: Union · NPS summary (as listed)
After the Confederate River Defense Fleet, commanded by Capt. James E. Montgomery and Brig. Gen. M. Jeff Thompson (Missouri State Guard), bested the Union ironclads at Plum Run Bend, Tennessee, on May 10, 1862, they retired to Memphis. Confederate Gen. P.G.T. Beauregard ordered troops out of Fort Pillow and Memphis on June 4, after learning of Union Maj. Gen. Henry W. Halleck's occupation of Corinth, Mississippi. Thompson's few troops, camped outside Memphis, and Montgomery's fleet were the only force available to meet the Union naval threat to the city. From Island No. 45, just north of Memphis, Flag-Officer Charles H. Davis and Col. Charles Ellet launched a naval attack on Memphis after 4:00 am on June 6. Arriving off Memphis about 5:30 am, the battle began. In the hour and a half battle, the Union boats sank or captured all but one of the Confederate vessels; General Van Dorn escaped. Immediately following the battle, Col. Ellet's son, Medical Cadet Charles Ellet, Jr., met the mayor of Memphis and raised the Union colors over the courthouse. Later, Flag-Officer Davis officially received the surrender of the city from the mayor. The Indiana Brigade, commanded by Col. G.N. Fitch, then occupied the city. Memphis, an important commercial and economic center on the Mississippi River, had fallen, opening another section of the Mississippi River to Union shipping.
Command responsibility (ledger v2)
US: none
Grade D under rule 5; echelon unknown. joint_command
Other candidates: Charles H. Davis, Charles Ellet
Navy and army (ram fleet) listings. Mahan says Ellet operated "in entire independence" of Davis, and the description credits the Union boats together; no single force is shown compelling the result (rule 5, third case).
Flag Officerarnold-cwsac-commanders, battle TN004, belligerent US, fullname Charles H. Davis; column rank · snapshot
6c587c298717…Colonelarnold-cwsac-commanders, battle TN004, belligerent US, fullname Charles Ellet; column rank · snapshot
6c587c298717…instructions which allowed him to operate within the limits of Captain Davis's command, and in entire independence of that officermahan-gulf-inland-selections-v1 · snapshot
3067d7b59f6c…the Union boats sank or captured all but one of the Confederate vesselsarnold-cwsac-battles, battle TN004; column description · snapshot
952b5d08402a…Confederate: James E. Montgomery
Grade C under rule 5; echelon flotilla. joint_command
Other candidates: M. Jeff Thompson
Navy and army listings; no passage shows one officer over both. The battle was fought by the vessels "still under Montgomery's command" (rule 5, second case).
Captainarnold-cwsac-commanders, battle TN004, belligerent Confederate, fullname James E. Montgomery; column rank · snapshot
6c587c298717…Brigadier Generalarnold-cwsac-commanders, battle TN004, belligerent Confederate, fullname M. Jeff Thompson; column rank · snapshot
6c587c298717…The Confederate vessels, still under Montgomery's command, were in number eightmahan-gulf-inland-selections-v1 · snapshot
3067d7b59f6c…Thompson's few troops, camped outside Memphis, and Montgomery's fleet were the only force available to meet the Union naval threatarnold-cwsac-battles, battle TN004; column description · snapshot
952b5d08402a…Side strength (ledger v3)
US: grade D: no usable figure (modelled in the rating runs)
whole_engagement_leakage
Confederate: grade D: no usable figure (modelled in the rating runs)
whole_engagement_leakage
Dossier claims
Draft dossier, revision . Claims are extraction records with their quoted passages, not historical adjudication. JSON
information
unknownunresolved
No original orders, reconnaissance, intelligence or message chain was inspected to establish the combatants’ prior knowledge. Mahan’s account of surprise is not independent proof of what the Confederate commanders knew.
logistics
supportedunresolved Mahan describes Ellet’s rams as a hasty adaptation of available boats in six weeks, with timber bulkheads and protective work.
A retrospective preparation account beginning before the frozen June 6 engagement, not a quantified readiness or equipment-quality score. The cited Ellet letter was not inspected separately.
three heavy, solid timber bulkheads, from twelve to sixteen inches thick, were builtmahan-gulf-inland-selections-v1, chapter II, p.46 (digital page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
3067d7b59f6c…merely a hasty adaptation, in the short period of six weeks, of such means as were at once availablemahan-gulf-inland-selections-v1, chapter II, p.47 (digital page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
3067d7b59f6c…objectives
outcome
supportedpost_outcome The frozen row and live NPS page record Union victory. NPS says all Confederate vessels but General Van Dorn were sunk or captured, then describes the city surrender and later occupation by Fitch’s Indiana Brigade.
One source family, not independent corroboration. Keep naval result, municipal surrender and subsequent army occupation distinct within the June 6 record; no extra wins or causal campaign contribution are assigned.
the Union boats sank or captured all but one of the Confederate vessels; General Van Dorn escaped.nps-tn004-v1, Description · snapshot
2bf5d1ed0dab…Later, Flag-Officer Davis officially received the surrender of the city from the mayor. The Indiana Brigade, commanded by Col. G.N. Fitch, then occupied the city.nps-tn004-v1, Description · snapshot
2bf5d1ed0dab…supportedpost_outcome The frozen casualty text gives 181 total, US 1 and CS 180; live NPS displays the same totals. Mahan describes a pistol wound to Queen of the West’s commander that eventually caused his death.
No inspected casualty return establishes categories or reporting cutoffs. Do not count the later death as an additional opening participant or add it to the table total; Mahan’s statement alone does not reconcile the aggregate.
181 total (US 1; CS 180)arnold-cwsac-battles, battle TN004; column casualties_text · snapshot
952b5d08402a…Her commander received a pistol shot, which in the end caused his death.mahan-gulf-inland-selections-v1, chapter II, p.48 (digital page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
3067d7b59f6c…responsibility
strength
unknownunresolved
No inspected return establishes matched opening personnel for both sides. The frozen numerical bounds are blank. Vessel lists and counts are not crew or total personnel counts. Live zero displays are not measured absence of people.
supportedunresolved Mahan describes five Union gunboats and two participating rams, Queen of the West and Monarch, against eight Confederate vessels. He places Switzerland’s entry after the fight was decided.
These are vessel populations, not personnel strengths. Keep the initial action distinct from the later pursuit; do not count every purchased ram as an initial participant.
The Confederate vessels, still under Montgomery's command, were in number eightmahan-gulf-inland-selections-v1, chapter II, p.47 (digital page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
3067d7b59f6c…The Union gunboats were fivemahan-gulf-inland-selections-v1, chapter II, pp.47–48 (digital page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
3067d7b59f6c…two of the ram fleet, the Queen of the West and the Monarchmahan-gulf-inland-selections-v1, chapter II, p.48 (digital page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
3067d7b59f6c…Switzerland, another of the ram fleet which joined after the fight was decided.mahan-gulf-inland-selections-v1, chapter II, p.49 (digital page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
3067d7b59f6c…disputedunresolved The live NPS table displays zero personnel for both sides while the frozen force field names opposing vessels.
The frozen numerical personnel bounds are missing. Preserve the live display as a source-version artifact without interpreting zero as a measured absence of crews or troops.
U.S. Ironclads Benton, Louisville, Carondelet, Cairo, and St. Louis and U.S. Army Rams Queen of the West and Monarch [US]; C.S. Navy Rams General Beauregard, General Bragg, General Price, General Van Dorn, General Thompson, Colonel Lovell, Sumter, and Little Rebel [CS]arnold-cwsac-battles, battle TN004; column forces_text · snapshot
952b5d08402a…terrain
supportedunresolved Mahan says Confederate vessels remained in front of the city, complicating Union fire, while the Union gunboats initially faced upstream and dropped with the current.
Attributed navigation and firing context, not a mapped orientation, measured terrain advantage or proof of the commanders’ precise motives.
keeping, however, in front of the city in such a way as to embarrass the fire of the Union flotilla.mahan-gulf-inland-selections-v1, chapter II, p.47 (digital page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
3067d7b59f6c…with their heads up stream, dropping slowly with the current.mahan-gulf-inland-selections-v1, chapter II, p.48 (digital page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
3067d7b59f6c…Open questions
- Original personnel/loss returns, orders, contemporary information and source-date reconciliation remain deferred after one shared-history follow-up. Digital transcription was not checked against print.
- Keep army personnel, ship crews, vessel counts, surrendered populations and later pursuit or occupation distinct. No live zero or missing entry becomes a measured count.
- Distributed army and naval roles do not imply equal or sole credit. Do not score siege stages, municipal surrender or subsequent campaign consequences as additional independent wins.