Murfreesboro TN006

1862-07-13 to 1862-07-13 · TN · Confederate Heartland Offensive [June-October 1862] · frozen result: Confederate · NPS summary (as listed)

CWSAC description
On June 10, 1862, Maj. Gen. Don Carlos Buell commanding the Army of the Ohio, started a leisurely advance toward Chattanooga, which Union Brig. Gen. James Negley and his force threatened on June 7-8. In response to the threat, the Confederate government sent Brig. Gen. Nathan Bedford Forrest to Chattanooga to organize a cavalry brigade. By July, Confederate cavalry under the command of Forrest and Col. John Hunt Morgan were raiding into Middle Tennessee and Kentucky. Perhap, the most dramatic of these cavalry raids was Forrest's capture of the Union Murfreesboro garrison on July 13, 1862. Forrest left Chattanooga on July 9 with two cavalry regiments and joined other units on the way, bringing the total force to about 1,400 men. The major objective was to strike Murfreesboro, an important Union supply center on the Nashville & Chattanooga Railroad, at dawn on July 13. The Murfreesboro garrison was camped in three locations around town and included detachments from four units comprising infantry, cavalry, and artillery, under the command of Brig. Gen. Thomas T. Crittenden who had just arrived on July 12. Between 4:15 and 4:30 am on the morning of July 13, Forrest's cavalry surprised the Union pickets on the Woodbury Pike, east of Murfreesboro, and quickly overran a Federal hospital and the camp of the 9th Pennsylvania Cavalry Regiment detachment. Additional Rebel troops attacked the camps of the other Union commands and the jail and courthouse. By late afternoon all of the Union units had surrendered to Forrest's force. The Confederates destroyed much of the Union supplies and tore up railroad track in the area, but the main result of the raid was the diversion of Union forces from a drive on Chattanooga. This raid, along with Morgan's raid into Kentucky, made possible Bragg's concentration of forces at Chattanooga and his early September invasion of Kentucky.

Command responsibility (ledger v2)

US: Thomas T. Crittenden

Grade C under rule 2; echelon detachment_or_post. responsibility_unresolved

NPS puts the garrison under Crittenden; Cist says neither Crittenden nor Duffield assumed command and no one was in command. Cist names no other commander, so the listing stands, but the sources disagree. Cist is internally inconsistent: he also says 'The post was under the command of General T. T. Crittenden'.

Brigadier General
arnold-cwsac-commanders, battle TN006, belligerent US, fullname Thomas T. Crittenden; column rank · snapshot 6c587c298717…
under the command of Brig. Gen. Thomas T. Crittenden who had just arrived on July 12
nps-tn006-v1 · snapshot 5196cd390960…
On the return of Crittenden and Duffield on July 11th, neither of them assumed command
cist-heartland-selections-v1 · snapshot b3ce0ebfaaaf…
With no one in command
cist-heartland-selections-v1 · snapshot b3ce0ebfaaaf…

Confederate: Nathan Bedford Forrest

Grade A under rule 2; echelon brigade.

A cited passage states the command.

Brigadier General
arnold-cwsac-commanders, battle TN006, belligerent Confederate, fullname Nathan Bedford Forrest; column rank · snapshot 6c587c298717…
Forrest left Chattanooga on July 9 with two cavalry regiments
arnold-cwsac-battles, battle TN006; column description · snapshot 952b5d08402a…

Side strength (ledger v3)

US: grade A, 900 (860–950)

compiled_dependencederivation_unknownsingle_inputwhole_engagement_leakage

InputClassPrintedBasisBoundCodesPassage
us-cwA900reported_engagedderivation_unknown
900
arnold-cwsac-forces, battle TN006, belligerent US; column description · snapshot a462f6be964b…
us-cist-surrenderedC1,700unknowndossier claim union-garrison-estimates

Confederate: grade A, 1,400 (1,330–2,100)

compiled_dependencederivation_unknownwhole_engagement_leakage

InputClassPrintedBasisBoundCodesPassage
cs-cwA1,400reported_engagedderivation_unknown
1,400
arnold-cwsac-forces, battle TN006, belligerent Confederate; column description · snapshot a462f6be964b…
cs-npsA1,400reported_engagedderivation_unknowndossier claim confederate-force-estimates
cs-nps-descB1,400unknownderivation_unknowndossier claim confederate-force-estimates
cs-cistB2,000unknowndossier claim confederate-force-estimates

Dossier claims

Draft dossier, revision . Claims are extraction records with their quoted passages, not historical adjudication. JSON

information

disputedunresolved NPS says Forrest's cavalry surprised the Union pickets between 4:15 and 4:30 am; Cist says Forrest arrived about five o'clock and captured the pickets.

Surprise is a summary judgment, not an inspected record of Union knowledge. The two clocks differ and are retained without reconciliation.

Between 4:15 and 4:30 am on the morning of July 13, Forrest's cavalry surprised the Union pickets
nps-tn006-v1, Description · snapshot 5196cd390960…
arrived at Murfreesboro about five o'clock on the morning of the 13th, captured the pickets
cist-heartland-selections-v1, p.43 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot b3ce0ebfaaaf…

logistics

supportedinherited NPS describes Murfreesboro as an important Union supply center on the Nashville & Chattanooga Railroad.

Inherited site function from a modern summary; no depot inventory was inspected.

an important Union supply center on the Nashville & Chattanooga Railroad
nps-tn006-v1, Description · snapshot 5196cd390960…

objectives

supportedunresolved NPS gives the major objective as striking Murfreesboro at dawn on July 13.

Modern summary of purpose, not an inspected original order. Later diversion of Union forces is a campaign-contribution claim, not part of the tactical objective.

The major objective was to strike Murfreesboro, an important Union supply center on the Nashville & Chattanooga Railroad, at dawn on July 13.
nps-tn006-v1, Description · snapshot 5196cd390960…

outcome

disputedpost_outcome The frozen result is Confederate victory; the live NPS result field reads Union Victory. The NPS narrative says all Union units surrendered to Forrest.

Retain the original result and engagement interval; later movements and campaign contribution are different measures. No new probabilities or individual causal credit. The live result field conflicts with the frozen record and its own narrative; the frozen value is retained and the conflict is not silently corrected.

Confederate victory
arnold-cwsac-battles, battle TN006; column results_text · snapshot 952b5d08402a…
Union Victory
nps-tn006-v1, Results · snapshot 5196cd390960…
By late afternoon all of the Union units had surrendered to Forrest's force.
nps-tn006-v1, Description · snapshot 5196cd390960…

disputedpost_outcome The frozen casualty text reads 1,040 total (US 890; CS 150). The live NPS field reads 1350 total (US 1200; CS 150;).

Original casualty returns were not inspected; preserve totals, categories, cutoffs and differences. No canonical reconciliation or casualty-based opening count; related actions must not be added without resolving population overlap.

1,040 total (US 890; CS 150)
arnold-cwsac-battles, battle TN006; column casualties_text · snapshot 952b5d08402a…
1350 total (US 1200; CS 150;)
nps-tn006-v1, Estimated Casualties · snapshot 5196cd390960…

supportedpost_outcome Cist reports about 600 horses and mules and large stores captured or destroyed; NPS says supplies were destroyed and track torn up.

Post-outcome material consequences, not an inspected inventory. Cist's dollar valuation is not adopted as a measure.

Forrest captured about six hundred horses and mules
cist-heartland-selections-v1, p.45 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot b3ce0ebfaaaf…
part of which he carried away and the rest he destroyed
cist-heartland-selections-v1, p.45 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot b3ce0ebfaaaf…
The Confederates destroyed much of the Union supplies and tore up railroad track in the area
nps-tn006-v1, Description · snapshot 5196cd390960…

responsibility

disputedunresolved NPS places the garrison under Crittenden, who arrived July 12. Cist says Crittenden and Duffield returned on July 11, that neither assumed command, and that no one was in command.

The arrival date and whether anyone exercised effective command conflict. Cist's judgment is an interested retrospective opinion. The frozen listed commander is not automatically assigned the Union result.

under the command of Brig. Gen. Thomas T. Crittenden who had just arrived on July 12
nps-tn006-v1, Description · snapshot 5196cd390960…
On the return of Crittenden and Duffield on July 11th, neither of them assumed command
cist-heartland-selections-v1, p.43 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot b3ce0ebfaaaf…
With no one in command
cist-heartland-selections-v1, p.43 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot b3ce0ebfaaaf…

supportedcommander_created Cist says Forrest's officers urged withdrawal around one o'clock and he refused, then arranged further attacks and surrender demands.

Attributed in-battle decision by the Confederate commander. Its contribution to the result is not estimated, and the source is not an inspected original. The live heading ranks Forrest as Major General, against the frozen Brigadier General; the heading is not adopted.

It was now one o'clock
cist-heartland-selections-v1, p.44 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot b3ce0ebfaaaf…
Forrest's officers urged him to withdraw with the results obtained up to that time. This he refused to do
cist-heartland-selections-v1, p.44 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot b3ce0ebfaaaf…
a written demand for the surrender
cist-heartland-selections-v1, p.45 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot b3ce0ebfaaaf…
Major General Nathan Forrest [CS]
nps-tn006-v1, Principal Commanders · snapshot 5196cd390960…
Brigadier General
arnold-cwsac-commanders, battle TN006, belligerent Confederate, fullname Nathan Bedford Forrest; column rank · snapshot 6c587c298717…

strength

unknownunresolved

No inspected return establishes matched personnel at a common opening boundary. Imported numerical estimates remain unchanged; this pass does not validate them as simultaneous opening forces.

disputedunresolved The frozen force field gives about 1,400 Confederates, as does the live NPS field; Cist says Forrest advanced with about two thousand men.

Different retrospective estimates without inspected returns. The NPS narrative describes units joining on the way; no common counting point is established.

equivalent of a brigade (about five cavalry units; approx. 1,400) [CS]
arnold-cwsac-battles, battle TN006; column forces_text · snapshot 952b5d08402a…
1400 total (US 0; CS 1400;)
nps-tn006-v1, Forces Engaged · snapshot 5196cd390960…
with about two thousand men
cist-heartland-selections-v1, p.43 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot b3ce0ebfaaaf…
joined other units on the way, bringing the total force to about 1,400 men
nps-tn006-v1, Description · snapshot 5196cd390960…

disputedunresolved The frozen force field gives detachments from four Union units, approx. 900; Cist says 1,700 troops surrendered with four guns. The live NPS Union force field is zero.

A surrender count and a force estimate are different populations and times; neither is adopted as the opening garrison. Live zero is not measured absence.

Detachments from four Union units (approx. 900) [US]
arnold-cwsac-battles, battle TN006; column forces_text · snapshot 952b5d08402a…
The entire forces surrendered were seventeen hundred troops with four pieces of artillery.
cist-heartland-selections-v1, p.45 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot b3ce0ebfaaaf…
1400 total (US 0; CS 1400;)
nps-tn006-v1, Forces Engaged · snapshot 5196cd390960…

terrain

supportedunresolved NPS says the garrison camped in three locations around town; Cist says Lester had distributed the troops in different parts of town, and describes a camp guard behind a wagon barricade and rock ledges.

Pre-attack dispositions and local cover, not a map-verified position or numerical terrain effect. The dispersion was a Union subordinate's choice before the raid.

The Murfreesboro garrison was camped in three locations around town
nps-tn006-v1, Description · snapshot 5196cd390960…
widely distributed them in different parts of the town.
cist-heartland-selections-v1, p.43 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot b3ce0ebfaaaf…
posted behind a strong barricade of wagons and some large ledges of rocks, difficult to carry.
cist-heartland-selections-v1, p.44 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot b3ce0ebfaaaf…

Open questions