Chattanooga TN018

supportedunresolved Hill says the Federals began shelling during fast-day services without notice, that pickets and scouts, if any were out, had given no warning, and that a few nights before, after Clayton's brigade had been moved up to Birchwood, General Clayton, instructed to send an officer up the river to meet the cavalry pickets, reported finding no pickets for 40 miles. Cist calls it the surprise at Chattanooga. NPS says the shells caught many soldiers and civilians in church observing a day of prayer and fasting.

Attributed knowledge from the Confederate corps commander, an interested history and a summary; Hill's OCR leaves the day blank ('fast day (August)').

supportedunresolved NPS says the bombardment sank two steamers docked at the landing. Cist says it caused the Confederate troops to evacuate the town to points beyond range and Bragg to withdraw his stores to points on the railroad to the rear.

Material effects from a summary and an interested history; no supply return inspected.

supportedunresolved NPS says the brigade marched where the Confederates could see it, reinforcing Bragg's expectation of an attack from the northeast, and that the shelling, continued periodically over the next two weeks (beyond this one-day record), helped keep his attention there. Cist says the feint under Crittenden made Bragg concentrate at and above Chattanooga. Hill says the Federal design had been to interpose a column between Knoxville and Chattanooga and isolate Buckner.

Stated purposes and an opponent's inference of intent; campaign context, not a causal estimate.

supportedpost_outcome The frozen result reads 'Successful Union demonstration'; the live field reads Union Victory. NPS says the bombardment created a great deal of consternation. Hill says the shelling revealed that the Federals were in his immediate front.

Retain the original result and engagement interval; later movements and campaign contribution are different measures. No new probabilities or individual causal credit. Bragg's September evacuation is later campaign context.

supportedpost_outcome The frozen casualty text reads Unknown; the live field reads zero. Hill says some women and children were killed and wounded by the shelling; no count is given in the inspected passages.

Original casualty returns were not inspected; preserve totals, categories, cutoffs and differences. No canonical reconciliation or casualty-based opening count; related actions must not be added without resolving population overlap. The live zeros are not measured absence.

supportedunresolved NPS says Wilder ordered the battery to shell the town; Cist says Wilder was sent to reconnoitre from Harrison's Landing to Chattanooga. Hill says he responded by ordering Cleburne's division to Harrison. The frozen commanders are Colonel John T. Wilder and Lieutenant General D. H. Hill; the live heading gives 'Colonel Daniel Hill [CS]'.

Roles from a summary, an interested history and the Confederate corps commander; the frozen commanders do not receive automatic sole credit, and the live rank is not adopted.

unknownunresolved

No inspected return establishes matched personnel at a common opening boundary. The frozen side-specific numerical strength bounds are blank (missing_numeric_strength). No figure in this pass is adopted as a simultaneous opening force.

supportedunresolved The frozen force field reads Wilder's Brigade [US] and Hill's Corps [CS] without counts; the live field reads zero. NPS names the 18th Indiana Light Artillery as the battery ordered to shell the town. Cist says Wilder was supported by Wagner's brigade and that both commands opened fire. Hill says his corps consisted of Cleburne's and Stewart's divisions, encamped about Tyner's Station.

Unit names only; no count is inspected. Live zeros are not measured absence.

supportedunresolved NPS says Wilder reached the Tennessee River opposite Chattanooga; Cist says the shelling was from across the river. Hill says that after the shelling he had every ford and ferry from the mouth of the Chickamauga to the mouth of the Hiwassee guarded and covered by rifle-pits and batteries.

The river separated the forces; Hill's works followed the shelling and are not tagged inherited. No map verification.