Sabine Pass TX001

supportedunresolved Debray learned of the attack at Houston from an express and a messenger's report of heavy cannonading. Spaight, writing on September 26 after the evacuation, says the two sail vessels had anchored opposite the town and that he had no information on the enemy's force. The express reported one gunboat and three or four transports entering the Sabine, more vessels than Spaight's two armed sail vessels and one steam propeller, or Crocker's Kensington and two schooners.

Knowledge attributed in interested reports written away from the battery; no message log inspected.

supportedunresolved Debray and Spaight say yellow fever led to the furlough or withdrawal of most of the battalion; Spaight says the guns were spiked and the ordnance stores and other property removed by daylight, with two fever patients left in the hospital.

Garrison condition and evacuation from interested reports; not a return.

supportedunresolved Crocker led a night boat expedition to attack the battery in the rear. Spaight says Irvine judged it a fruitless exposure of men and property to hold the works another day. Debray thought the enemy aimed to destroy the fort and shipping and meant to retake the Pass if it was held.

Stated aims and judgments from interested reports.

supportedpost_outcome The frozen and live results read Union victory. Crocker says the town was in his possession and the battery destroyed; Spaight says the battery was evacuated in the night with the guns spiked. Crocker's day-by-day account puts the Henry Janes's crossing and the attack on the day after the Rachel Seaman crossed near nightfall, one day later than Spaight's account of fire opening early on the morning after the vessels anchored on the 23rd; Debray, writing at Houston on the 25th, relays a report of heavy cannonading 'this morning'.

Retain the original result and engagement interval; later movements and campaign contribution are different measures. No new probabilities or individual causal credit. The frozen September 24-25 interval is retained; the reports' dates are not reconciled.

supportedpost_outcome The frozen casualty text reads Unknown; the live field reads 0 (US 0; CS 0). Crocker reports no loss on his side; Spaight gives no casualty figure.

Original casualty returns were not inspected; preserve totals, categories, cutoffs and differences. No canonical reconciliation or casualty-based opening count; related actions must not be added without resolving population overlap. The live zeros are not adopted as measured losses.

supportedunresolved The frozen commanders are Acting Master Frederick Crocker (navy) and Major J. S. Irvine; the live page gives Crocker as lieutenant, not adopted. Spaight says Irvine commanded at the Pass in his absence and Captain K. D. Keith commanded the battery. Crocker received the surrender of the town and credits Pennington's getting the Henry Janes over the bar with the expedition's success.

Command roles from interested reports; no automatic sole credit.

unknownunresolved

No inspected return establishes matched personnel at a common opening boundary. Imported numerical estimates remain unchanged; this pass does not validate them as simultaneous opening forces.

supportedunresolved The frozen force field names the Kensington, Rachel Seaman and mortar schooner Henry James and gives the Fort Griffith garrison as 30 with 25 mounted men 3 1/2 miles away (CS bounds 55 and 55); the live field reads 0. Debray, at Houston on September 25, says Major Irvine had only 30 men at the fort and about 25 mounted men 3 1/2 miles off, the rest of the battalion being on yellow-fever furlough. Spaight says a detachment of Company B garrisoned the works and a detachment of 26 of Company E arrived at nightfall. Crocker names his three vessels and a strong party from the Kensington, without figures. Debray says the relief force he was assembling at Houston on the 25th would number about 900 men; it is context and was not engaged.

Debray's second-hand figure, reported from Houston on September 25, matches the frozen table; Spaight's 26 arrived at nightfall on September 24, a different moment; the Union crews are not counted. None is adopted as a matched opening strength.

supportedunresolved Crocker says his vessels failed to cross the bar the first night, only the Rachel Seaman crossed next evening, and the Henry Janes was kedged over; his night boat expedition was entangled on reefs. Spaight says the battery's shot fell short while the enemy's longer-range guns reached the works.

Natural bar and reefs and the guns' relative range, from interested reports; tag unresolved because gun range is not terrain.