Cedar Mountain VA022

supportedunresolved Ropes quotes Jackson's report that he had information only part of Pope's army was at Culpeper; Ropes says Pope was well aware of Jackson's movements and that Banks entirely underestimated the enemy.

Attributed beliefs from one retrospective history and a quoted report, not inspected message chains.

unknownunresolved

No battle-specific supply, ammunition or transport return was inspected. Retrospective descriptions are not readiness measures.

disputedunresolved Ropes prints the order Banks received: move to the front, assume command, deploy skirmishers if the enemy advanced and attack him as he approached, to be reinforced. Ropes argues Pope did not intend a battle before concentration; Banks read the order as authority to attack.

The order's meaning is disputed in the source itself; the transcription is Ropes's reproduction of a staff officer's written version, not an inspected original.

supportedpost_outcome The frozen result remains Confederate victory. Ropes calls it a tactical victory for Jackson, won with the larger army and stronger reserves, followed two days later by Jackson's retreat to the Rapidan.

Retain the original result and engagement interval; later movements and campaign contribution are different measures. No new probabilities or individual causal credit. Ropes's explanation is an attributed interpretation, not an estimated causal effect.

disputedpost_outcome The frozen casualty text reads 2,707 total (US 1,400; CS 1,307); the live NPS field reads 3900 total (US 2500; CS 1400;). Ropes gives the Union loss as 1,661 killed and wounded and 723 missing, total 2,393 (the components sum to 2,384), and Jackson's reported 1,314.

Original casualty returns were not inspected; preserve totals, categories, cutoffs and differences. No canonical reconciliation or casualty-based opening count; related actions must not be added without resolving population overlap. Ropes's Union total and components disagree in the OCR; print was not checked.

supportedcommander_created Ropes says Banks decided to attack with his whole corps, advancing at four and signalling the attack at half-past five.

Attributed in-battle command decision; its contribution to the result is not estimated. Ropes's criticism is an interested retrospective judgment.

supportedunresolved Winder was killed and his division passed to W. B. Taliaferro; NPS credits the repulse to A. P. Hill's counterattack, and Ropes says Branch's brigade advanced under Jackson's immediate direction.

Subordinate and army command roles changed during the fight; no listed commander receives automatic sole credit.

unknownunresolved

No inspected return establishes matched personnel at a common opening boundary. Imported numerical estimates remain unchanged; this pass does not validate them as simultaneous opening forces.

disputedunresolved The frozen and live force fields read 24,898 total (US 8,030; CS 16,868). Ropes says Banks's corps present did not reach 8,000 of all arms and puts Jackson's three divisions between 20,000 and 25,000, probably nearer the latter. The NPS narrative says Jackson went to Gordonsville with 14,000 before A. P. Hill joined.

The Confederate figures differ and describe different moments and scopes; none is adopted as a matched opening population. Shared NPS/CWSAC provenance is not independent corroboration.

supportedunresolved Ropes places Union artillery on a plateau in front of the infantry, and describes Campbell's brigade at a wood's edge facing a wheat-field, its left flank covered by thick woods; Ewell advanced along Cedar Mountain's northern slope.

Retrospective position description; no map verified and no numerical terrain effect.