Yellow Tavern VA052

1864-05-11 to 1864-05-11 · VA · Grant's Overland Campaign [May-June 1864] · frozen result: Union · NPS summary (as listed)

CWSAC description
As the battle between Grant and Lee raged at Spotsylvania Court House, the Union cavalry corps under Maj. Gen. Philip Sheridan embarked on a cavalry raid against Richmond. After disrupting Lee's road and rail communications, Sheridan's cavalry expedition climaxed with the battle of Yellow Tavern on May 11. The outnumbered Confederate cavalry was defeated, and Maj. Gen. J.E.B. Stuart was mortally wounded. Sheridan continued south to threaten the Richmond defenses before joining Butler's command at Bermuda Hundred. After refitting, Sheridan rejoined the Army of the Potomac on May 25 for the march to the southeast and the crossing of the Pamunkey.

Command responsibility (ledger v2)

US: Philip Sheridan

Grade A under rule 2; echelon corps_or_wing. superior_directing

Single CWSAC listing. The description puts the cavalry corps under Sheridan; Sheridan's May 13 report says 'I immediately attacked him'. Merritt, Custer and Gregg led parts of the force (subordinate context). The report is addressed to Meade and says the march was made 'on your instructions' (superior_directing: Meade; borderline, since the instructions cover the initial march and the same report says Sheridan himself 'determined at once to march around the enemy's right flank').

Major General
arnold-cwsac-commanders, battle VA052, belligerent US, fullname Philip Sheridan; column rank · snapshot 6c587c298717…
the Union cavalry corps under Maj. Gen. Philip Sheridan embarked on a cavalry raid against Richmond
arnold-cwsac-battles, battle VA052; column description · snapshot 952b5d08402a…
I immediately attacked him, and after an obstinate contest I gained possession of the Brook turnpike
or36-1-sheridan-overland-selections-v1 · snapshot 87dee09e6e21…

Confederate: J.E.B. Stuart

Grade A under rule 2; echelon corps_or_wing. command_changed

Single CWSAC listing. Sheridan's report has Stuart concentrating his cavalry at Yellow Tavern and calls him 'commanding the enemy's cavalry'; Humphreys has Stuart forming the line at the Brook pike. Stuart was mortally wounded during Custer's charge (rule 4: command_changed). No inspected passage names who succeeded him on the field, so no successor is recorded.

Major General
arnold-cwsac-commanders, battle VA052, belligerent Confederate, fullname J.E.B. Stuart; column rank · snapshot 6c587c298717…
the rebel General Stuart was concentrating his cavalry at Yellow Tavern
or36-1-sheridan-overland-selections-v1 · snapshot 87dee09e6e21…
Stewart was formed at the intersection of the Brook pike and Moun¬ tain road
humphreys-overland-selections-v1 · snapshot ff4119865bc2…
General J. E. B. Stuart, commanding tl e my’s cavalry, was mortally wounded
or36-1-sheridan-overland-selections-v1 · snapshot 87dee09e6e21…

Side strength (ledger v3)

US: grade C, 10,000 (7,000–13,000)

applicability_unresolvedbasis_mixedsingle_inputwhole_engagement_leakage

InputClassPrintedBasisBoundCodesPassage
us-sheridanC10,000unknownengagement_link_unknowndossier claim reported-force-scope

Confederate: grade A, 5,000 (4,280–5,250)

basis_mixedcompiled_dependencederivation_unknownwhole_engagement_leakage

InputClassPrintedBasisBoundCodesPassage
cs-cws2A5,000reported_engagedderivation_unknown
5000
arnold-cws2-forces, battle VA052, belligerent Confederate; column strength · snapshot 523147288617…
cs-clodfelterB4,500unknownderivation_unknown
4500
arnold-clodfelter-forces, battle_id Yellow Tavern, belligerent Confederate; column strength · snapshot 96430f3626d3…

Dossier claims

Draft dossier, revision overland-review-correction-2026-09-25. Claims are extraction records with their quoted passages, not historical adjudication. JSON

information

supportedunresolved Sheridan says all information led him to believe Stuart was concentrating at Yellow Tavern, and that he lacked knowledge of Meade's and Butler's operations; his 1866 report says reports from colored people influenced his move toward Butler after the fight. Humphreys says the concentration was ascertained at Allen's Station.

Attributed knowledge from the Union commander and an interested history.

All the in'ormation that could be obtained led me to believe that the rebel General Stuart was concentrating his cavalry at Yellow Tavern.
or36-1-sheridan-overland-selections-v1, p.777 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 87dee09e6e21…
the want of knowledge of your operations and those of General Butler,
or36-1-sheridan-overland-selections-v1, p.778 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 87dee09e6e21…
being influenced to some extent m doing so by the reports from colored people,
or36-1-sheridan-overland-selections-v1, p.791 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 87dee09e6e21…
There it was ascertained that Stewart was concentrating at the Yellow tavern on the Brook pike,
humphreys-overland-selections-v1, p.135 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot ff4119865bc2…

logistics

supportedunresolved Sheridan's May 13 dispatch says what was on hand was half-rations for one day (garbled in OCR), and his 1866 report says this was forage: he was to go to the James 'when out of forage, of which we had half rations for one day'; his May 14 dispatch says only three days' rations were taken, and that the horses lived on grass and were weak and jaded; his report says forage was obtained after crossing the North Anna. Custer destroyed about 1,500,000 rations at Beaver Dam on May 9–10.

Raid-wide supply statements from the Union commander; no return inspected. The Beaver Dam destruction precedes this record.

with the command was half-rations tor one day.
or36-1-sheridan-overland-selections-v1, p.776 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 87dee09e6e21…
and when out of forage, of which we had half rations for one day,
or36-1-sheridan-overland-selections-v1, p.789 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 87dee09e6e21…
Only three days’ rations were taken by tJie command.
or36-1-sheridan-overland-selections-v1, p.778 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 87dee09e6e21…
my horses have been living on grass nearly all the time since I left, and were too weak and jaded.
or36-1-sheridan-overland-selections-v1, p.778 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 87dee09e6e21…
we had also obtained forage for our almost famished animals ;
or36-1-sheridan-overland-selections-v1, p.790 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 87dee09e6e21…
200,000 pounds bacon, and other supplies amounting in all to about 1,500,000 rations,
or36-1-sheridan-overland-selections-v1, p.790 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 87dee09e6e21…

objectives

supportedunresolved Sheridan's report says he held that the cavalry should fight the enemy's cavalry, and that he was ordered to engage it and then proceed to the James for supplies; Humphreys gives the same instructions. Sheridan's dispatch says he might have taken Richmond by assault but abandoned the idea.

Stated aims from the Union commander and an interested history.

I took up the idea that our cavalry ought to fight the enemy’s cava ry,
or36-1-sheridan-overland-selections-v1, p.787 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 87dee09e6e21…
I received orders to go out and engage the rebel cavalry,
or36-1-sheridan-overland-selections-v1, p.789 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 87dee09e6e21…
the enemy’s cavalry, replenish his supplies at Haxall’s Land¬ ing from General Butler’s stores,
humphreys-overland-selections-v1, p.134 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot ff4119865bc2…
It is possible that I might have captured the city of Richmond by an assault,
or36-1-sheridan-overland-selections-v1, p.778 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 87dee09e6e21…

outcome

supportedpost_outcome The frozen and live results read Union victory. Sheridan says he gained the Brook turnpike, took two guns and drove the enemy about 4 miles; NPS and Sheridan's report say Stuart was mortally wounded. Humphreys says Stuart was mortally wounded and Brigadier General James B. Gordon killed.

Retain the original result and engagement interval; later movements and campaign contribution are different measures. No new probabilities or individual causal credit. Humphreys reports Gordon killed in his Yellow Tavern paragraph; no inspected passage gives the place or date of Gordon's wound, and this record neither adopts nor corrects that placement.

Union victory
arnold-cwsac-battles, battle VA052; column results_text · snapshot 952b5d08402a…
Union Victory
nps-va052-v1, Results · snapshot 4bfa70652dd6…
captured two pieces of artillery, driving his force back toward Ash- land and across the north fork of the Chickahominy, a distance of about 4 miles.
or36-1-sheridan-overland-selections-v1, p.777 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 87dee09e6e21…
In this assault General J. E. B. Stuart, commanding tl e my’s cavalry, was mortally wounded.
or36-1-sheridan-overland-selections-v1, p.790 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 87dee09e6e21…
and Maj. Gen. J.E.B. Stuart was mortally wounded.
nps-va052-v1, Description · snapshot 4bfa70652dd6…
General Stewart, being mortally wounded, and Brigadier- General James B. Gordon killed.
humphreys-overland-selections-v1, p.135 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot ff4119865bc2…

disputedpost_outcome The frozen casualty text reads 800 total; the live field reads zero. Sheridan's May 13 dispatch expects wounded not over 250 and total losses not over 350 for the raid; his May 25 dispatch gives 46 killed (garbled line) and 379 wounded from May 9 to 25, with between 75 and 80 captured; his report and Humphreys give 425 casualties on the march. Humphreys found no Confederate account of their losses.

Original casualty returns were not inspected; preserve totals, categories, cutoffs and differences. No canonical reconciliation or casualty-based opening count; related actions must not be added without resolving population overlap. Every Union figure covers the whole raid, not Yellow Tavern alone.

800 total
arnold-cwsac-battles, battle VA052; column casualties_text · snapshot 952b5d08402a…
0 total (US 0; CS 0;)
nps-va052-v1, Estimated Casualties · snapshot 4bfa70652dd6…
My wounded, I think, will not exceed 250 ; total losses not over 350.
or36-1-sheridan-overland-selections-v1, p.778 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 87dee09e6e21…
1 ot a 1 killed, 46.
or36-1-sheridan-overland-selections-v1, p.781 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 87dee09e6e21…
total, 379.
or36-1-sheridan-overland-selections-v1, p.781 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 87dee09e6e21…
My total loss in captured by the enemy is between 75 and 80.
or36-1-sheridan-overland-selections-v1, p.781 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 87dee09e6e21…
Our casualties on the march were 425.
or36-1-sheridan-overland-selections-v1, p.792 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 87dee09e6e21…
I have not been able to find any Confederate report or account of it or of their losses.
humphreys-overland-selections-v1, p.136 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot ff4119865bc2…

responsibility

supportedunresolved Sheridan's report says Merritt attacked and gained the Brook turnpike, Custer charged with Chapman on his flank, and Gregg charged the force in the rear; it says the enemy erred by sending a large force against his rear. Humphreys says Custer charged, with Wilson supporting. The frozen commanders are Major Generals Stuart and Sheridan; the live page gives Stuart no rank.

Tactical roles are attributed as the sources state; no listed commander receives automatic sole credit.

Merritt gallantly attacked the enemy at Yellow Tavern, and got possession of the Brook turnpike.
or36-1-sheridan-overland-selections-v1, p.790 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 87dee09e6e21…
Custer’s charge, with Chapman on his flank, was brilliantly execute ,
or36-1-sheridan-overland-selections-v1, p.790 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 87dee09e6e21…
The enemy here again made an error m tactics bj sending a large force to attack my rear,
or36-1-sheridan-overland-selections-v1, p.790 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 87dee09e6e21…
Then Custer charged this flanking force, Wilson supporting him,
humphreys-overland-selections-v1, p.135 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot ff4119865bc2…
Major General
arnold-cwsac-commanders, battle VA052, belligerent US, fullname Philip Sheridan; column rank · snapshot 6c587c298717…
Major General
arnold-cwsac-commanders, battle VA052, belligerent Confederate, fullname J.E.B. Stuart; column rank · snapshot 6c587c298717…
James Stuart [CS]
nps-va052-v1, Principal Commanders · snapshot 4bfa70652dd6…

strength

unknownunresolved

No inspected return establishes matched personnel at a common opening boundary. The frozen side-specific numerical strength bounds are blank (missing_numeric_strength). No figure in this pass is adopted as a simultaneous opening force.

disputedunresolved The frozen force field reads Divisions and the live field zero. NPS calls the Confederate cavalry outnumbered. Sheridan's 1866 report says he began the campaign with about 10,000 (the noun is garbled in OCR) and the same number of horses in passable trim, and later that he was led to believe, on information, that the enemy's cavalry was superior in numbers during the whole period his report covers. Humphreys says Sheridan's three divisions moved on Yellow Tavern and that Fitzhugh Lee's division of two brigades was moving to interpose, while Gordon's brigade followed the rear.

NPS's 'outnumbered' and Sheridan's belief conflict, but Sheridan's statement covers the whole period of his report, not Yellow Tavern alone; his 10,000 is a May 4 figure for the corps. None is adopted as a matched opening strength; live zeros are not measured absence.

Divisions
arnold-cwsac-battles, battle VA052; column forces_text · snapshot 952b5d08402a…
0 total (US 0; CS 0;)
nps-va052-v1, Forces Engaged · snapshot 4bfa70652dd6…
The outnumbered Confederate cavalry was defeated,
nps-va052-v1, Description · snapshot 4bfa70652dd6…
I found myself with about 10 000
or36-1-sheridan-overland-selections-v1, p.787 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 87dee09e6e21…
I am led to believe, on infor- mation derived from the most reliable sources,
or36-1-sheridan-overland-selections-v1, p.801 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 87dee09e6e21…
that the enemy’s cavalry was superior to ours in numbers ;
or36-1-sheridan-overland-selections-v1, p.801 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 87dee09e6e21…
Merritt in advance, Wilson next, then Gregg.
humphreys-overland-selections-v1, p.135 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot ff4119865bc2…
cavalry division, composed of Wickham’s and Lomax’s brigades,
humphreys-overland-selections-v1, p.134 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot ff4119865bc2…

terrain

supportedunresolved Humphreys says Stuart formed at the intersection of the Brook pike and Mountain road, six miles from Richmond; Sheridan says the enemy formed east of the pike and enfiladed it with artillery.

Positions taken during the engagement; no map verification.

Stewart was formed at the intersection of the Brook pike and Moun¬ tain road, facing west or north of west.
humphreys-overland-selections-v1, p.135 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot ff4119865bc2…
concentrating at Yellow Tavern, 6 miles from the city, on the Brook turnpike ;
or36-1-sheridan-overland-selections-v1, p.790 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 87dee09e6e21…
enfilad- ing it with his artillery fire, and making Yellow Tavern a hot place,
or36-1-sheridan-overland-selections-v1, p.790 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 87dee09e6e21…

Open questions