Saint Mary's Church VA066

1864-06-24 to 1864-06-24 · VA · Grant's Overland Campaign [May-June 1864] · frozen result: Inconclusive · NPS summary (as listed)

CWSAC description
On June 24, Maj. Gen. Wade Hampton's cavalry attempted to cut off Sheridan's cavalry returning from their raid to Trevilian Station. Sheridan fought a delaying action to protect a long supply train under his protection, then rejoined the Union army at Bermuda Hundred.

Dossier claims

Draft dossier, revision . Claims are extraction records with their quoted passages, not historical adjudication. JSON

information

supportedunresolved Sheridan says prisoners told him Chambliss's brigade was the advance of the enemy's cavalry corps and had advised Hampton of the crossing; Hampton says he took position fearing Sheridan might pass up the James.

Attributed knowledge from interested commanders.

and through it Hampton had been advised o our having already secured the crossing of the Chickahominy.
or36-1-sheridan-overland-selections-v1, p.798 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 87dee09e6e21…
Fearing that he might pass up the James River, through Charles City Court-House and Westover,
or36-1-hampton-trevilian-selections-v1, p.1096 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 91e164454620…

logistics

supportedunresolved Sheridan says he was escorting a train of over 900 wagons from White House, which the engagement saved and which should never have been left to the cavalry; NPS says he fought to protect a long supply train.

Transport statements from the Union commander and a summary; no return inspected.

making my arrangements to carry over and protect a train of over 900 wagons,
or36-1-sheridan-overland-selections-v1, p.798 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 87dee09e6e21…
This very creditable engagement saved the train,
or36-1-sheridan-overland-selections-v1, p.799 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 87dee09e6e21…
Sheridan fought a delaying action to protect a long supply train under his protection,
nps-va066-v1, Description · snapshot 6e87c8f59868…

objectives

supportedunresolved Hampton says he determined to attack, his operations aiming to defeat Sheridan's movement in the Confederate rear; NPS says Hampton tried to cut off Sheridan's cavalry. Sheridan says Gregg was to hold until the transportation passed Charles City Court-House.

Stated aims from interested commanders and a summary.

I de- termined to attack him,
or36-1-hampton-trevilian-selections-v1, p.1096 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 91e164454620…
which had for their object the defeat of Sheridan’s movement in our rear.
or36-1-hampton-trevilian-selections-v1, p.1097 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 91e164454620…
Hampton's cavalry attempted to cut off Sheridan's cavalry returning from their raid to Trevilian Station.
nps-va066-v1, Description · snapshot 6e87c8f59868…
was instructed to hold fast until all the transportation could pass Charles City Court-House.
or36-1-sheridan-overland-selections-v1, p.799 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 87dee09e6e21…

outcome

disputedpost_outcome The frozen result reads Inconclusive and the live result Indecisive. Sheridan says Gregg fought until after dark and retired in some confusion without loss of material, saving the train; Hampton says the enemy was completely routed and pursued to within 2½ miles of Charles City Court-House.

Retain the original result and engagement interval; later movements and campaign contribution are different measures. No new probabilities or individual causal credit. The commanders' characterizations conflict.

Inconclusive
arnold-cwsac-battles, battle VA066; column results_text · snapshot 952b5d08402a…
Indecisive
nps-va066-v1, Results · snapshot 6e87c8f59868…
was forced to retire in some confusion but without any loss m material.
or36-1-sheridan-overland-selections-v1, p.799 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 87dee09e6e21…
The enemy was completely routed and were pursued to within 2-J miles of Charles City Court-House,
or36-1-hampton-trevilian-selections-v1, p.1097 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 91e164454620…
and was routed at Samaria [Saint Mary’s] Church.
or36-1-hampton-trevilian-selections-v1, p.1097 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 91e164454620…

disputedpost_outcome The frozen casualty text reads 630 total; the live field reads zero. Hampton gives 157 prisoners taken and his own division's loss as 6 killed and 59 wounded, the other commands' losses not having reached him. Sheridan's inspected passages give no count.

Original casualty returns were not inspected; preserve totals, categories, cutoffs and differences. No canonical reconciliation or casualty-based opening count; related actions must not be added without resolving population overlap. Hampton's figure covers his own division only.

630 total
arnold-cwsac-battles, battle VA066; column casualties_text · snapshot 952b5d08402a…
0 total (US 0; CS 0;)
nps-va066-v1, Estimated Casualties · snapshot 6e87c8f59868…
We captured 157 prisoners, including 1 colonel and 12 com- missioned officers,
or36-1-hampton-trevilian-selections-v1, p.1097 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 91e164454620…
My loss was 6 killed and 59 wounded in my own division.
or36-1-hampton-trevilian-selections-v1, p.1097 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 91e164454620…
The reports of losses from the other commands have not been sent to me.
or36-1-hampton-trevilian-selections-v1, p.1097 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 91e164454620…

responsibility

supportedunresolved Hampton says the whole line charged under the immediate command of Fitzhugh Lee, and credits Chambliss and Gary. Sheridan criticizes the order leaving the train to the cavalry. The frozen commanders are Major Generals Hampton and Sheridan; the live page gives Hampton as Lieutenant General.

Roles attributed as stated; the live rank is not adopted. No listed commander receives automatic sole credit.

the whole line, under the immediate command of Maj. Gen. Fitzhugh Lee, charged the works of the enemy,
or36-1-hampton-trevilian-selections-v1, p.1097 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 91e164454620…
both of these com- mands contributing largely to the success at Samaria [Saint Mary’s] Church.
or36-1-hampton-trevilian-selections-v1, p.1097 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 91e164454620…
which should never have been left for the cavalry to escort.
or36-1-sheridan-overland-selections-v1, p.799 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 87dee09e6e21…
Major General
arnold-cwsac-commanders, battle VA066, belligerent US, fullname Philip Sheridan; column rank · snapshot 6c587c298717…
Major General
arnold-cwsac-commanders, battle VA066, belligerent Confederate, fullname Wade Hampton; column rank · snapshot 6c587c298717…
Lieutenant General Wade Hampton [CS]
nps-va066-v1, Principal Commanders · snapshot 6e87c8f59868…

strength

unknownunresolved

No inspected return establishes matched personnel at a common opening boundary. The frozen side-specific numerical strength bounds are blank (missing_numeric_strength). No figure in this pass is adopted as a simultaneous opening force.

disputedunresolved The frozen force field reads Divisions and the live field zero. Sheridan says Gregg was attacked by the entire cavalry corps of the enemy while Torbert escorted the trains. Hampton names Gary's and Chambliss's brigades and Wickham's, under Fitzhugh Lee, in the attack, with Lomax left holding the river road.

Sheridan's 'entire cavalry corps' and Hampton's detachment of Lomax conflict; no counts. None is adopted as a matched opening strength; live zeros are not measured absence.

Divisions
arnold-cwsac-battles, battle VA066; column forces_text · snapshot 952b5d08402a…
0 total (US 0; CS 0;)
nps-va066-v1, Forces Engaged · snapshot 6e87c8f59868…
At Saint Mary’s Church Gregg was attacked by the entire cavalry corps of the enemy,
or36-1-sheridan-overland-selections-v1, p.799 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 87dee09e6e21…
I ordered Brigadier-General Gary, who joined me that morning,
or36-1-hampton-trevilian-selections-v1, p.1096 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 91e164454620…
General Lee left Lomax to hold the river road and brought Wickham to join in the attack.
or36-1-hampton-trevilian-selections-v1, p.1096 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 91e164454620…

terrain

supportedunresolved Hampton says the enemy had thrown up strong works along his whole line and held a strong position; Sheridan says Gregg was on the road to Saint Mary's Church covering the train's right flank.

Works built during the engagement; no map verification.

The enemy had in the mean time thrown up strong works along his whole line, and his position was a strong one.
or36-1-hampton-trevilian-selections-v1, p.1096 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 91e164454620…
who had marched on the road leading to Saint Mary’s Church for the purpose of protecting the right flank of the train,
or36-1-sheridan-overland-selections-v1, p.799 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 87dee09e6e21…

Open questions