Fort Stedman VA084

1865-03-25 to 1865-03-25 · VA · Richmond-Petersburg Campaign [June 1864-March 1865] · frozen result: Union · NPS summary (as listed)

CWSAC description
In a last-gasp offensive, Gen. Robert E. Lee amassed nearly half of his army in an attempt to break through Grant's Petersburg defenses and threaten his supply depot at City Point. Directed by Maj. Gen. John B. Gordon, the pre-dawn assault on March 25 overpowered the garrisons of Fort Stedman and Batteries X, XI, and XII. The Confederates were brought under a killing crossfire, and counterattacks led by Maj. Gens. Parke and Hartranft contained the breakthrough, cut off, and captured more than 1,900 of the attackers. During the day, elements of the II and VI Corps assaulted and captured the entrenched picket lines in their respective fronts, which had been weakened for the assault on Fort Stedman. This was a devastating blow for Lee's army, setting up the Confederate defeat at Five Forks on April 1 and the fall of Petersburg on April 2-3.

Command responsibility (ledger v2)

US: John G. Parke

Grade A under rule 2; echelon corps_or_wing.

Single CWSAC listing. The assault struck Parke's Ninth Corps; Parke ordered Willcox and Hartranft to retake the works and learnt at 6.15 a.m. that, Meade being at City Point, he was in command of the army as senior (rule 2). Meade was out of telegraphic contact until the works were retaken, so no superior is recorded; Parke's army command in Meade's absence is recorded here, with the echelon of the engaged corps.

Major General
arnold-cwsac-commanders, battle VA084, belligerent US, fullname John G. Parke; column rank · snapshot 6c587c298717…
and that he, General Parke, was in command (being the senior in rank).
humphreys-petersburg-selections-v1 · snapshot fbc0249868bc…
The Ninth Corps was on our right, holding from the Ap¬ pomattox to Fort Howard
humphreys-petersburg-selections-v1 · snapshot fbc0249868bc…
As soon as General Parke leamt what had occurred he or¬ dered General Willcox to recapture the works
humphreys-petersburg-selections-v1 · snapshot fbc0249868bc…

Confederate: John B. Gordon

Grade A under rule 3a; echelon corps_or_wing. superior_directing

Other candidates: Robert E. Lee

Lee (General) and Gordon (Major General) are listed. The description says the assault was 'Directed by' Gordon; Humphreys says Gordon was selected for the service, and Lee's dispatch says Gordon assaulted and carried the works (rule 3(a)). Lee proposed the sortie and placed about half the army at Gordon's disposal (superior_directing: Lee). Lee is a candidate. The live rank is not adopted.

General
arnold-cwsac-commanders, battle VA084, belligerent Confederate, fullname Robert E. Lee; column rank · snapshot 6c587c298717…
Major General
arnold-cwsac-commanders, battle VA084, belligerent Confederate, fullname John B. Gordon; column rank · snapshot 6c587c298717…
General Gordon wras selected for the ser¬ vice,
humphreys-petersburg-selections-v1 · snapshot fbc0249868bc…
Directed by Maj. Gen. John B. Gordon, the pre-dawn assault on March 25 overpowered the garrisons
arnold-cwsac-battles, battle VA084; column description · snapshot 952b5d08402a…
At daylight this morning General Gordon assaulted and carried enemy’s works at Hare’s Hill,
or46-1-lee-petersburg-selections-v1 · snapshot b6cc5271957e…

Side strength (ledger v3)

US: grade A, 14,900 (14,150–15,640)

compiled_dependencederivation_unknownsingle_inputwhole_engagement_leakage

InputClassPrintedBasisBoundCodesPassage
us-cws2A14,898reported_engagedderivation_unknown
14898
arnold-cws2-forces, battle VA084, belligerent US; column strength · snapshot 523147288617…

Confederate: grade A, 10,000 (9,500–12,600)

compiled_dependencederivation_unknownwhole_engagement_leakage

InputClassPrintedBasisBoundCodesPassage
cs-cws2A10,000reported_engagedderivation_unknown
10000
arnold-cws2-forces, battle VA084, belligerent Confederate; column strength · snapshot 523147288617…
cs-clodfelterB12,000unknownderivation_unknown
12000
arnold-clodfelter-forces, battle_id Fort Stedman, belligerent Confederate; column strength · snapshot 96430f3626d3…

Dossier claims

Draft dossier, revision extraction-audit-correction-2026-10-06. Claims are extraction records with their quoted passages, not historical adjudication. JSON

information

supportedunresolved Humphreys relays Parke that the attackers took picket posts by exploiting the order letting deserters bring their arms, says Gordon's guides were lost or deserted, that Gordon misunderstood the rear works, and that the telegraph to Meade at City Point was cut.

Attributed knowledge from a history relaying both commanders.

of the order allowing deserters to bring their arms with them,
humphreys-petersburg-selections-v1, p.318 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot fbc0249868bc…
which probably led to the misapprehension of General Gordon.
humphreys-petersburg-selections-v1, p.318 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot fbc0249868bc…
General Meade had passed the night of the 24th at City Point, the telegraph to which place was cut by the enemy.
humphreys-petersburg-selections-v1, p.320 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot fbc0249868bc…

logistics

supportedunresolved Humphreys quotes Gordon that troops sent from Longstreet's corps were delayed by the breaking down of trains, so daylight found the plan half executed.

A commander's statement relayed by a history; no transport return inspected.

were delayed by the breaking down of trains,
humphreys-petersburg-selections-v1, p.320 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot fbc0249868bc…
and daylight found us with the plan only half executed.
humphreys-petersburg-selections-v1, p.320 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot fbc0249868bc…

objectives

supportedunresolved Humphreys says Lee proposed the sortie to gain works and the ridge near the Appomattox so that Grant would draw in his left, postponing the abandonment of Richmond and Petersburg; NPS says the attack aimed to threaten the supply depot at City Point.

Stated aims from a history and a summary.

General Lee proposed in the meantime to make a sortie in order to gain some of the works on the right of the line held by the Army of the Potomac near the Appomattox River,
humphreys-petersburg-selections-v1, p.317 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot fbc0249868bc…
to break through Grant's Petersburg defenses and threaten his supply depot at City Point.
nps-va084-v1, Description · snapshot e55dd7311e7e…

outcome

supportedpost_outcome The frozen and live results read Union victory. Humphreys says Hartranft retook Fort Stedman with small loss and that the Second and Sixth Corps took the Confederate picket lines; Lee says two efforts to recover the works were repulsed before his troops withdrew, and that at dark the enemy held much of the advanced line.

Retain the original result and engagement interval; later movements and campaign contribution are different measures. No new probabilities or individual causal credit. The picket-line captures are retained as context for April 2, a later record. Humphreys commanded the Second Corps on March 25 and narrates its picket-line attack in the first person; his account of that attack and of the Second Corps' losses and prisoners is a participant's account.

Union victory
arnold-cwsac-battles, battle VA084; column results_text · snapshot 952b5d08402a…
Union Victory
nps-va084-v1, Results · snapshot e55dd7311e7e…
he advanced to the attack and carried the fort with comparatively small loss.
humphreys-petersburg-selections-v1, p.319 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot fbc0249868bc…
I at once got the Second Corps under arms ready to move, ordered the division commanders to make strong reconnoissances
humphreys-petersburg-selections-v1, p.320 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot fbc0249868bc…
The intrenched picket line of the enemy was captured,
humphreys-petersburg-selections-v1, p.321 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot fbc0249868bc…
and two efforts made to recover captured works were handsomely repulsed;
or46-1-lee-petersburg-selections-v1, p.382 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot b6cc5271957e…
At dark enemy held considerable portion of the line farthest in advance of our main works.
or46-1-lee-petersburg-selections-v1, p.383 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot b6cc5271957e…

disputedpost_outcome The frozen casualty text reads 3,850 (US 950; CS 2,900) and the live field 3,698 (US 1,017; CS 2,681). Humphreys gives Parke's 1,949 prisoners and loss of 494 killed and wounded and 523 missing (1,017), the Second Corps' 690 and 358 prisoners, the Sixth Corps' about 400 and 547 prisoners, and his estimate of nearly 4,000 Confederate and about 2,000 Union losses for the day; Lee reports 9 guns, 8 mortars and between 500 and 600 prisoners taken and his loss not heavy. The frozen description says the counterattacks captured more than 1,900 of the attackers; Parke's 1,949 is set beside it, not reconciled.

Original casualty returns were not inspected; preserve totals, categories, cutoffs and differences. No canonical reconciliation or casualty-based opening count; related actions must not be added without resolving population overlap. Parke's 1,017 matches the live Union figure, not the frozen 950; Humphreys' day totals include the picket-line fighting. Humphreys commanded the Second Corps on March 25 and narrates its picket-line attack in the first person; his account of that attack and of the Second Corps' losses and prisoners is a participant's account.

3,850 total (US 950; CS 2,900)
arnold-cwsac-battles, battle VA084; column casualties_text · snapshot 952b5d08402a…
3698 total (US 1017; CS 2681;)
nps-va084-v1, Estimated Casualties · snapshot e55dd7311e7e…
captured more than 1,900 of the attackers.
arnold-cwsac-battles, battle VA084; column description · snapshot 952b5d08402a…
1,949 prisoners, including 71 officers and nine stands of colors, fell into General Parke’s hands.
humphreys-petersburg-selections-v1, p.319 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot fbc0249868bc…
His loss was 494 killed and wounded and 523 missing ; a total of 1,017.
humphreys-petersburg-selections-v1, p.319 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot fbc0249868bc…
The loss of the Second Corps was 513 killed and wounded and 177 missing ; total, 690.
humphreys-petersburg-selections-v1, p.321 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot fbc0249868bc…
358 officers and enlisted men were captured from them.
humphreys-petersburg-selections-v1, p.321 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot fbc0249868bc…
losing about 400 in the encounters, and capturing 547 prisoners.
humphreys-petersburg-selections-v1, p.321 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot fbc0249868bc…
The total loss of the enemy in the operations of the 25th of March must have been nearly 4,000 ; ours, about 2,000.
humphreys-petersburg-selections-v1, p.321 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot fbc0249868bc…
captured 9 pieces of artillery, 8 mortars, between 500 and GOO prisoners,
or46-1-lee-petersburg-selections-v1, p.382 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot b6cc5271957e…
Our loss reported is not heavy.
or46-1-lee-petersburg-selections-v1, p.382 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot b6cc5271957e…

responsibility

supportedunresolved Humphreys says Gordon was selected for the attack, that Parke, in command as senior in Meade's absence, ordered Willcox to retake the works and assigned Hartranft to retake Fort Stedman; Lee reports that Gordon carried the works but the rear works could be taken only at great sacrifice and the troops were withdrawn. The frozen commanders are Lee and Gordon (CS) and Parke (US); the live page lists Parke and 'Major General Robert Lee'.

Direction attributed as stated; the live rank is not adopted. No listed commander receives automatic sole credit.

General Gordon wras selected for the ser¬ vice,
humphreys-petersburg-selections-v1, p.317 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot fbc0249868bc…
and that he, General Parke, was in command (being the senior in rank).
humphreys-petersburg-selections-v1, p.320 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot fbc0249868bc…
General Hartranft was assigned to the re¬ capture of Fort Stedman and Battery 10.
humphreys-petersburg-selections-v1, p.319 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot fbc0249868bc…
At daylight this morning General Gordon assaulted and carried enemy’s works at Hare’s Hill,
or46-1-lee-petersburg-selections-v1, p.382 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot b6cc5271957e…
could only be taken at great sacrifice, and troops were withdrawn to original position.
or46-1-lee-petersburg-selections-v1, p.382 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot b6cc5271957e…
General
arnold-cwsac-commanders, battle VA084, belligerent Confederate, fullname Robert E. Lee; column rank · snapshot 6c587c298717…
Major General
arnold-cwsac-commanders, battle VA084, belligerent Confederate, fullname John B. Gordon; column rank · snapshot 6c587c298717…
Major General
arnold-cwsac-commanders, battle VA084, belligerent US, fullname John G. Parke; column rank · snapshot 6c587c298717…
Major General Robert Lee [CS]
nps-va084-v1, Principal Commanders · snapshot e55dd7311e7e…

strength

unknownunresolved

No inspected return establishes matched personnel at a common opening boundary. The frozen side-specific numerical strength bounds are blank (missing_numeric_strength). No figure in this pass is adopted as a simultaneous opening force.

supportedunresolved The frozen force field reads 'Corps' and the live field zero; the frozen description says Lee amassed nearly half his army. Humphreys relays Gordon's statement that Lee gave him his own corps, parts of Hill's and Longstreet's and some cavalry, about one-half of the army, gives the Ninth Corps a seven-mile line, and gives the latest spring returns as not less than 46,000 effective Confederate infantry and 69,000 for the Army of the Potomac.

A proportion, a line length and army-wide returns dated to late March; no count of the assaulting or defending force. None is adopted as a matched opening strength; live zeros are not measured absence.

Corps
arnold-cwsac-battles, battle VA084; column forces_text · snapshot 952b5d08402a…
0 total (US 0; CS 0;)
nps-va084-v1, Forces Engaged · snapshot e55dd7311e7e…
Gen. Robert E. Lee amassed nearly half of his army
arnold-cwsac-battles, battle VA084; column description · snapshot 952b5d08402a…
in all about one-lialf of the Army.
humphreys-petersburg-selections-v1, p.317 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot fbc0249868bc…
a line about seven miles in length,
humphreys-petersburg-selections-v1, p.318 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot fbc0249868bc…
The effective force of Lee’s infantry was not less than 46,000 ;
humphreys-petersburg-selections-v1, p.323 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot fbc0249868bc…
The effective force of infantry of the Army of the Potomac was 69,000 ;
humphreys-petersburg-selections-v1, p.323 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot fbc0249868bc…

terrain

supportedunresolved Humphreys says the lines at Fort Stedman were only 150 yards apart and the pickets 50, that the rear forts the Confederate plan relied on did not exist, and, citing Parke, that the darkness prevented friends from being told from foes; Lee says the captured guns could not be brought off owing to the nature of the ground.

Mixed claim: the lines and the absence of rear forts predate the assault, but the darkness at the hour chosen for the attack and the guns that could not be brought off concern the action itself, so the claim as a whole is not tagged inherited. No map verification.

where the opposing lines were only one hundred and fifty yards apart ; the pickets fifty yards apart.
humphreys-petersburg-selections-v1, p.317 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot fbc0249868bc…
But, in point of fact, there were no such forts.
humphreys-petersburg-selections-v1, p.317 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot fbc0249868bc…
that friends could not be distinguished from foes,
humphreys-petersburg-selections-v1, p.318 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot fbc0249868bc…
owing to nature of ground,
or46-1-lee-petersburg-selections-v1, p.382 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot b6cc5271957e…

Open questions