Appomattox Court House VA097

supportedunresolved Lee says there were indications in the night of a large force massing on his left and front and that Fitz Lee was to ascertain its strength; Humphreys relays that the attack was to open a way if only cavalry was found, and Sheridan that the attack was made under the impression that his force was only cavalry.

Attributed knowledge from an interested report and a history.

supportedunresolved Lee reported no subsistence for man or horse, that the supplies ordered to Pamplin's Station could not reach him, that the infantry averaged seventy-five rounds and the artillery ninety-three, and that the roads were wretched; Humphreys says his own men were dropping out from want of food and fatigue until the supply train came up on the morning of the 9th.

Supply statements from an interested report and a participant's history; the ammunition averages are Lee's. No return inspected.

supportedunresolved Lee says Fitz Lee, supported by Gordon, was ordered to drive the enemy from his front and cover the trains' passage, and that he requested a suspension of hostilities to learn Grant's terms; Humphreys says he declined Lee's requests to halt without authority from Meade or Grant.

Stated aims from an interested report and a participant's history.

supportedpost_outcome The frozen and live results read Union victory. Lee reported the surrender of the Army of Northern Virginia to the President on April 12; Humphreys says the surrender was announced to the Army of the Potomac at about four o'clock.

Retain the original result and engagement interval; later movements and campaign contribution are different measures. No new probabilities or individual causal credit. The surrender ends the campaign; its campaign significance is not a battle feature.

disputedpost_outcome The frozen casualty text reads '700 total (27,805 Confederate soldiers paroled)' and the live field 664 (US 164; CS 500). Humphreys gives the War Department's paroles as 26,707 of infantry, cavalry and artillery and 28,356 with detachments, and the Union loss from March 29 to April 9 as 9,944 (8,268 killed and wounded and 1,676 missing).

Original casualty returns were not inspected; preserve totals, categories, cutoffs and differences. No canonical reconciliation or casualty-based opening count; related actions must not be added without resolving population overlap. The parole counts are a post-surrender population on different bases from the frozen 27,805; the 9,944 is campaign-wide context and is not assigned to this record.

supportedunresolved Lee says he surrendered the part of his army on the field on the terms agreed with Grant; Humphreys says Grant arrived about one o'clock, judges that the surrender would have come before midday had Grant stayed on the Second and Sixth Corps' route, and relays Ord that his infantry arrived about ten. The frozen commanders are Lee (CS) and Grant (US); the live page lists Grant and 'Major General Robert Lee'.

Direction and counterfactual attributed as stated; the live rank is not adopted. No listed commander receives automatic sole credit.

unknownunresolved

No inspected return establishes matched personnel at a common opening boundary. The frozen side-specific numerical strength bounds are blank (missing_numeric_strength). No figure in this pass is adopted as a simultaneous opening force.

disputedunresolved The frozen force field reads 'Armies' and the live field zero. Lee reported that on the morning of the 9th the ordnance officers counted 7,892 organized infantry with arms, the artillery was reduced to 63 pieces, the cavalry did not in his belief exceed 2,100 effective men, and the enemy were more than five times his numbers; Humphreys relays Fitzhugh Lee's mounted force of about 2,400 and the statement that only 8,000 of those surrendered had arms.

Lee's figures are his army-wide armed strength that morning; Fitzhugh Lee's (via Humphreys) is the cavalry's mounted force at daybreak; the 8,000 is an unattributed statement. None is a count of the troops engaged. None is adopted as a matched opening strength; live zeros are not measured absence.

supportedunresolved Humphreys says Gordon formed half a mile west of the Court House on the Lynchburg road, that the Court House lay between the picket lines, and relays Merritt that the cavalry took the high ground on the enemy's left.

Positions rather than ground conditions; no map verification.