Berryville VA118

supportedunresolved Pond calls the encounter a mutual surprise and says Sheridan's reoccupation of the Clifton-Berryville line had not attracted Early's attention; Sheridan's report says Kershaw, not expecting infantry, blundered onto Crook's lines about dark. Sheridan wrote on September 5 that he could not verify that any Confederate troops had left for Richmond.

Attributed knowledge from a history and interested accounts; no message log inspected.

supportedunresolved Pond says Anderson had his trains with him on the way back to Petersburg, and that Early feared a cavalry attack on them if the nature of the movement became known; the trains went first in the withdrawal.

A history's account of the Confederate trains; no transport return inspected.

supportedunresolved Pond says Lee recalled Anderson, who was marching through Berryville to recross the Blue Ridge, and that Early demonstrated to draw attention from Anderson before deciding Anderson must return to Winchester. Sheridan's report says the enemy thought he could cut off Torbert.

Stated aims from a history and an interested report.

supportedpost_outcome The frozen result reads Inconclusive and the live result Indecisive. Sheridan says Kershaw was handsomely repulsed and later withdrew over the Opequon in the night; NPS says Early withdrew after dark.

Retain the original result and engagement interval; later movements and campaign contribution are different measures. No new probabilities or individual causal credit.

disputedpost_outcome The frozen casualty text reads 500 total; the live field reads 507 (US 312; CS 195). Sheridan reported 50 prisoners and over 200 Confederate killed and wounded, then said the loss was greater than first reported; Pond gives about three score prisoners and Crook's total loss as 166.

Original casualty returns were not inspected; preserve totals, categories, cutoffs and differences. No canonical reconciliation or casualty-based opening count; related actions must not be added without resolving population overlap.

supportedunresolved Pond says the engagement was between Crook and Kershaw, and that Early decided to withdraw across the Opequon. The frozen commanders are Lieutenant General Early and Major General Sheridan; NPS names Anderson's (Kershaw's) division as the attacker, and the live page gives Early as Major General.

Command roles from a history and a summary; neither listed commander receives automatic sole credit, and the live rank is not adopted.

unknownunresolved

No inspected return establishes matched personnel at a common opening boundary. The frozen side-specific numerical strength bounds are blank (missing_numeric_strength). No figure in this pass is adopted as a simultaneous opening force.

disputedunresolved The frozen force field reads Corps; the live field reads zero. Sheridan's September 5 dispatch estimates Early's force at about 27,000 infantry, and his 1866 report says the difference in strength between the armies was then but little. Pond says Anderson's Kershaw division met Crook's Eighth Corps, and Early came up with three divisions on the 4th. Pond's appendix adds an assumed 1,700 for Fitz Lee's division, taken from its June 30 and July 10 inspection reports, to the September 10 "present for duty" figures (a table garbled in OCR), giving 17,195 without Kershaw and, in round numbers, about 21,000 with him; it gives Sheridan's September 10 field return south of the Potomac as 45,509 corrected (45,487 as printed), excluding about 2,500 of Averell's cavalry.

A contemporary estimate, a retrospective judgment, a return and a historian's reconstruction dated about a week later; none measures the forces engaged. Pond's 17,195 and 21,000 are his mixed-date reconstruction, not a return total. None is adopted as a matched opening strength. The live zero is not measured absence.

supportedunresolved Pond says Early saw from rising ground the Union position extending to Summit Point, strengthened by intrenchments still being dug; NPS says Early found the position too strongly entrenched to assault.

The works were dug during the engagement interval, so they are not tagged inherited. No map verification.