Elkin's Ferry AR012

1864-04-03 to 1864-04-04 · AR · Camden Expedition [April 1864] · frozen result: Union · NPS summary (as listed)

CWSAC description
During the expedition, Union forces sought a ford to cross the Little Missouri River because other roads were impassible. They reached Elkin's Ferry before the Confederates. As they crossed, the Confederates attempted to stop them but to no avail.

Command responsibility (ledger v2)

US: Frederick Steele

Grade A under rule 2; echelon army.

Price says the Union force was 'commanded by Major-General Steele in person', and Britton has Steele's army moving up to Elkin's Ferry on the 3rd (rule 2). No inspected passage places Steele on the field during the fight; Carr, McLean and Drake, whom McLean ordered to command the troops at the front, led parts of the force (rule 2, second bullet).

Major General
arnold-cwsac-commanders, battle AR012, belligerent US, fullname Frederick Steele; column rank · snapshot 6c587c298717…
Their force, commanded by Major-General Steele in person,
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On April 3d, the balance of General Steele's army
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Confederate: John S. Marmaduke

Grade A under rule 2; echelon unknown.

Britton has Marmaduke ordering Preston's reconnaissance on the 3rd, following with the rest of his force and coming onto the field to direct his troops in person on the 4th, and Price says the enemy was attacked by Marmaduke (rule 2). Price had ordered Marmaduke to the Little Missouri but took the field only on April 5, so no superior is recorded.

Brigadier General
arnold-cwsac-commanders, battle AR012, belligerent Confederate, fullname John S. Marmaduke; column rank · snapshot 6c587c298717…
He at once ordered forward Lieutenant-Colonel Preston
britton-camden-selections-v1 · snapshot 15b2daa3a724…
General Marmaduke came onto the field to direct the operations of his troops in person,
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at- tacked by Marmaduke and driven back some 3 ijiiles.
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Side strength (ledger v3)

US: grade C, 7,500 (5,000–10,000)

applicability_unresolvedopponent_estimate_pointsingle_inputwhole_engagement_leakage

InputClassPrintedBasisBoundCodesPassage
us-price-estC10,000unknownadversary_or_hearsay_estimateengagement_link_unknowndossier claim reported-force-scope

Confederate: grade D: no usable figure (modelled in the rating runs)

whole_engagement_leakage

InputClassPrintedBasisBoundCodesPassage
cs-price-1200bound1,200reported_engagedlowerpartial_intervaldossier claim reported-force-scope

Dossier claims

Draft dossier, revision camden-review-correction-2026-09-25. Claims are extraction records with their quoted passages, not historical adjudication. JSON

information

supportedunresolved Britton says Steele could learn nothing of Thayer's division after it left Fort Smith, that the Confederate generals took his march toward Washington as his real objective before he turned to the ferry, that Marmaduke's detachments discovered the Union pickets south of the ford, and that Drake judged the enemy in strong force in his front on the night of the 3rd.

Attributed knowledge from a history; no scouting reports inspected.

he was unable to hear anything about the movements of the Frontier Division after leaving Fort Smith,
britton-camden-selections-v1, p.254 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 15b2daa3a724…
the Confederate gen erals did not doubt but that his next objective point in the campaign was Washington,
britton-camden-selections-v1, p.263 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 15b2daa3a724…
some of Marmaduke's mounted detachments discovered the Federal pickets near the ford,
britton-camden-selections-v1, p.264 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 15b2daa3a724…
Colo nel Drake became satisfied that the Confederates were directly in his front in strong force,
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logistics

supportedunresolved Britton says rain soon after leaving Little Rock made the roads heavy and exhausted the mules and artillery horses, and that Rice's brigade guarded the supply and pontoon trains; Price says the column had a train of 400 wagons including pontoons.

Campaign march conditions from a history and an interested estimate; no quartermaster return.

a hard rain made the road very heavy, particularly in the creek and river bottoms, which rapidly exhausted the strength of the mules in the train and the artillery horses.
britton-camden-selections-v1, p.254 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 15b2daa3a724…
commanding the brigade in charge of the supply, pontoon, and brigade trains,
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a train of 400 wagons, including pontoons.
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objectives

supportedunresolved Britton says Steele aimed to maneuver Price out of Camden without a general battle and considered holding the ford so important that Salomon sent a brigade forward; the Confederate policy was to use cavalry to impede the march until the Little Missouri. Price says Shelby was instructed to watch the enemy and, with Dockery's brigade and Wood's battalion, harass his rear.

Stated aims from a history and an interested report.

General Steele determined, if practicable, to manoeuvre the Confederate forces under Price out of Camden and occupy the place without a general battle.
britton-camden-selections-v1, p.263 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 15b2daa3a724…
The holding of the ford was considered so important that General Salomon
britton-camden-selections-v1, p.264 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 15b2daa3a724…
to impede the march of the Federal troops as much as possible until they arrived at the Little Missouri River,
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with in- structions to watch the movements of the enemy, and in conjunction with Dockery’s brigade and Wood’s battalion to harass his rear,
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outcome

disputedpost_outcome The frozen result reads Union victory and the live result Union Victory. Price says the Union troops were driven back some three miles, strewing the road with knapsacks; Britton says the Confederate attack was repulsed and Marmaduke retreated to a position four miles south; NPS says the Confederates tried to stop the crossing without success.

Retain the original result and engagement interval; later movements and campaign contribution are different measures. No new probabilities or individual causal credit.

Union victory
arnold-cwsac-battles, battle AR012; column results_text · snapshot 952b5d08402a…
Union Victory
nps-ar012-v1, Results · snapshot ae2c9435d7ab…
driven back some 3 ijiiles.
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The road was strewn with knapsacks abandoned in their flight.
or34-1-price-camden-selections-v1, p.780 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 77a4ceda249b…
This repulse of the enemy ended the fight
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General Marmaduke retreated to a strong position about four miles south of Elkins' Ferry,
britton-camden-selections-v1, p.268 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 15b2daa3a724…
the Confederates attempted to stop them but to no avail.
nps-ar012-v1, Description · snapshot ae2c9435d7ab…

disputedpost_outcome The frozen casualty text reads 92 total (US 38; CS 54); the live field reads 55 (US 26; CS 29). Price claims one stand of colors and small arms taken and says Rice was slightly wounded. Britton gives Rice's loss on April 2 as eight killed and thirty-two wounded, Krez's on April 4 at Okolona as three killed and three wounded, and sixteen Confederates captured on April 3; Price says Shelby, attacking the rear at the Terre Noir crossing (April 2 per Britton; Price gives no date), killed near 100 and captured 60 (read 'GO'). No inspected passage gives a total for the ferry fight.

Original casualty returns were not inspected; preserve totals, categories, cutoffs and differences. No canonical reconciliation or casualty-based opening count; related actions must not be added without resolving population overlap. The April 2 and Okolona figures belong to separate actions and are not added.

92 total (US 38; CS 54)
arnold-cwsac-battles, battle AR012; column casualties_text · snapshot 952b5d08402a…
55 total (US 26; CS 29;)
nps-ar012-v1, Estimated Casualties · snapshot ae2c9435d7ab…
cap- tured one stand of colors and numbers of small- arms.
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The Federal General Rice was slightly wounded.
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General Rice reported his loss dur ing the day at eight killed and thirty-two wounded.
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Colonel Krez lost three men killed and three wounded.
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capturing sixteen Confederate soldiers.
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Nine miles from Spoonville, at the crossing of the Terre Noir,
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killing near 100 and capturing GO, with little loss to himself.
or34-1-price-camden-selections-v1, p.780 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 77a4ceda249b…
was at tacked about twelve o'clock, April 2cl, by General Shelby,
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responsibility

supportedunresolved Britton says Steele directed Carr to seize the crossing, Drake commanded the troops at the front, and Marmaduke came onto the field to direct his troops in person; Price says Marmaduke attacked on April 4. No inspected passage places Steele on the field during the fight. The frozen commanders are Brigadier General John S. Marmaduke and Major General Frederick Steele; the live page lists Marmaduke without a rank.

Command roles from a history and an interested report; the listed commanders do not receive automatic sole credit.

he directed General Carr, commanding the cavalry division, to move forward and occupy a position com manding the crossing
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Colonel Drake was ordered to take command of all the troops at the front,
britton-camden-selections-v1, p.265 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 15b2daa3a724…
General Marmaduke came onto the field to direct the operations of his troops in person,
britton-camden-selections-v1, p.267 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 15b2daa3a724…
were at- tacked by Marmaduke and driven back some 3 ijiiles.
or34-1-price-camden-selections-v1, p.780 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 77a4ceda249b…
Brigadier General
arnold-cwsac-commanders, battle AR012, belligerent Confederate, fullname John S. Marmaduke; column rank · snapshot 6c587c298717…
Major General
arnold-cwsac-commanders, battle AR012, belligerent US, fullname Frederick Steele; column rank · snapshot 6c587c298717…
John Marmaduke [CS]
nps-ar012-v1, Principal Commanders · snapshot ae2c9435d7ab…

strength

unknownunresolved

No inspected return establishes matched personnel at a common opening boundary. The frozen side-specific numerical strength bounds are blank (missing_numeric_strength). No figure in this pass is adopted as a simultaneous opening force.

disputedunresolved The frozen force field reads 3rd Division, VII Corps and 2 cavalry brigades [US] and 3 cavalry brigades [CS]; the live field reads zero. Price says Steele's column was estimated at 10,000 men of all arms with 25 guns and 400 wagons, and that only some 1,200 Confederates were actually engaged on April 4. Britton says Steele expected about twelve thousand once Thayer joined, and Price's district held three divisions of about twelve thousand; he names Marmaduke's force as Greene's and Cabell's brigades with four guns, and the Union front line as six companies under Drake. Shelby attacked the rear guard on April 2 with fifteen hundred men.

Army-level estimates, an engaged figure from the interested side, and unit identifications that differ from the frozen three brigades; the April 2 figure belongs to a separate action. None is adopted as a matched opening strength. The live zero is not measured absence.

3rd Division, VII Corps and 2 cavalry brigades [US]; 3 cavalry brigades [CS]
arnold-cwsac-battles, battle AR012; column forces_text · snapshot 952b5d08402a…
0 total (US 0; CS 0;)
nps-ar012-v1, Forces Engaged · snapshot ae2c9435d7ab…
Their force, commanded by Major-General Steele in person, was estimated at 10,000 men of all arms, with 25 pieces of artillery and a train of 400 wagons, including pontoons.
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In this affair we had only some 1,200 men actually engaged ;
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When General Thayer joined him he would have about twelve thousand men, infantry, cavalry, and artillery,
britton-camden-selections-v1, p.254 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 15b2daa3a724…
consisted of three divisions of about twelve thousand men,
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General Marmaduke followed him with the bal ance of Greene's brigade and General Cabell's brigade and four pieces of artillery,
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who had been sent forward with three companies of his own regiment and three companies of the Forty-third Indiana Infantry,
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by General Shelby, with fifteen hundred men and two pieces of artillery,
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terrain

supportedunresolved NPS says Union forces sought the ford because other roads were impassable. Britton says Carr found the river fordable on April 2, Marmaduke bivouacked on the edge of the Little Missouri bottom, the Union guns fell back across Howard's Creek, and Marmaduke then threw up log-and-earth defences about four miles south. A later rise of about three feet covered the lower bottoms.

Ground and water described by a summary and a history; no map or gauge record. The river's state changed during the operation.

Union forces sought a ford to cross the Little Missouri River because other roads were impassible.
nps-ar012-v1, Description · snapshot ae2c9435d7ab…
finding the river fordable,
britton-camden-selections-v1, p.264 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 15b2daa3a724…
bivouacked in line that night on the edge of the Little Missouri River bottom
britton-camden-selections-v1, p.266 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 15b2daa3a724…
was withdrawn across Howard's Creek, a short distance in the rear,
britton-camden-selections-v1, p.268 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 15b2daa3a724…
threw up temporary defences nearly three miles in length, made of logs and earth,
britton-camden-selections-v1, p.268 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 15b2daa3a724…
raising the Little Missouri about three feet, so that it covered the lower bottoms,
britton-camden-selections-v1, p.268 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 15b2daa3a724…

Open questions