Marais des Cygnes KS004
1864-10-25 to 1864-10-25 · KS · Price's Missouri Expedition [September-October 1864] · frozen result: Union · NPS summary (as listed)
Maj. Gen. Sterling Price led an expedition into Missouri which Union forces under Maj. Gen. Samuel R. Curtis and Maj. Gen. Alfred Pleasonton finally countered around Kansas City, Missouri. Price withdrew south, and Pleasonton, commanding in the field, pursued him into Kansas and fought him at Marais des Cygnes. After an artillery bombardment that began at 4:00 am, Pleasonton's men attacked furiously. Although outnumbered, they hit the Rebel line, forcing them to withdraw.
Command responsibility (ledger v2)
US: Alfred Pleasonton
Grade A under rule 2; echelon division. superior_directing
Rule 2. The description says Pleasonton was commanding in the field; his division had the advance, and Sanborn's brigade made the night contact and the dawn attack on the mounds before Pleasonton 'came to the front and directed the further movements of his division' (subordinate leading part of the force). Curtis, senior officer present, directed the pursuit and sent an aide ordering Sanborn to open fire on the camp, which Sanborn deferred until toward daybreak (superior_directing: Curtis).
Major Generalarnold-cwsac-commanders, battle KS004, belligerent US, fullname Alfred Pleasonton; column rank · snapshot
6c587c298717…Pleasonton, commanding in the field, pursued him into Kansas and fought him at Marais des Cygnes.arnold-cwsac-battles, battle KS004; column description · snapshot
952b5d08402a…General Pleasonton came to the front and directed the further movements of his division.britton-price-missouri-selections-v2 · snapshot
944893b13523…Confederate: John S. Marmaduke
Grade A under rule 3a; echelon unknown.
Other candidates: James F. Fagan
Both listed major generals (tie). Rule 3(a): Britton says Marmaduke 'was in command of the Confederate rear that day' and withdrew his line from the Marais des Cygnes crossing. Price's report has the divisions of Fagan and Marmaduke together composing the rear guard without naming a commander over both; no passage puts Fagan in command. Echelon: 'command of the Confederate rear' names no formation.
Major Generalarnold-cwsac-commanders, battle KS004, belligerent Confederate, fullname John S. Marmaduke; column rank · snapshot
6c587c298717…Major Generalarnold-cwsac-commanders, battle KS004, belligerent Confederate, fullname James F. Fagan; column rank · snapshot
6c587c298717…General Marma- duke, who was in command of the Confederate rear that day, withdrew his line and fell back.britton-price-missouri-selections-v2 · snapshot
944893b13523…Side strength (ledger v3)
US: grade D: no usable figure (modelled in the rating runs)
whole_engagement_leakage
Confederate: grade D: no usable figure (modelled in the rating runs)
whole_engagement_leakage
Dossier claims
Draft dossier, revision price-missouri-review-correction-2026-09-25. Claims are extraction records with their quoted passages, not historical adjudication. JSON
information
supportedunresolved Price says he and Marmaduke believed the enemy was moving on their right by Mound City, relying on a captured dispatch and on recruits' reports that no enemy was in the rear, so he expected any attack in front or on the right. Britton says Sanborn declined to attack in the night because he did not know the ground.
Attributed knowledge from an interested report and a history; no message log inspected.
we were both of opinion that the enemy were marching upon our right by Mound City on a road parallel to the one on which we were.or41-1-price-missouri-selections-v1, p.636 (the running head for p.636 reads "LOUISIANA AND THE TRANS-MISSISSTPPT. [Chap. Lin." in OCR; OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
7a18d48e08b2…that there was no enemy in my rear.or41-1-price-missouri-selections-v1, p.636 (the running head for p.636 reads "LOUISIANA AND THE TRANS-MISSISSTPPT. [Chap. Lin." in OCR; OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
7a18d48e08b2…as he knew nothing about the topographical features of the locality, Sanborn declined to take the responsibil ity of making the attack until towards daybreak.britton-price-missouri-selections-v2, p.501 (the running head for p.501 reads "50!" in OCR; OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
944893b13523…logistics
supportedunresolved Price says his army marched thirty-three miles on the 24th to camp on the Marais des Cygnes. Britton says Sanborn's men had been on duty all night in the rain and fighting until ten without food for men or horses.
March distances and fatigue only; no supply return.
On the morning of the 24th I moved with the command on the Fort Scott road to the Marais des Cygnes, where I encamped, having marched thirty-three milesor41-1-price-missouri-selections-v1, p.636 (the running head for p.636 reads "LOUISIANA AND THE TRANS-MISSISSTPPT. [Chap. Lin." in OCR; OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
7a18d48e08b2…as his men and horses had been without anything to eatbritton-price-missouri-selections-v2, p.493 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
944893b13523…objectives
supportedunresolved Britton says Curtis wanted to keep Price moving by firing into his rear but Pleasonton proposed to overtake and crush him, and that Moonlight was sent down the state line to keep Price out of Kansas.
Stated aims from a history.
It was the purpose of General Curtis thus to keep Price moving south by firing artillery in his rear, but General Pleasonton pro posed to overtake the Confederate army and crush it.britton-price-missouri-selections-v2, p.501 (the running head for p.501 reads "50!" in OCR; OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
944893b13523…Colonel Moonlight with the Second Brigade was ordered to march south through Kansas and to keep on the right flank of Pricebritton-price-missouri-selections-v2, p.489 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
944893b13523…outcome
supportedpost_outcome The frozen and live results read Union victory. NPS says the Federals forced the Confederates to withdraw; Britton says the Confederates were driven from the mounds and across the river and fell back. Price's report does not describe this action.
Retain the original result and engagement interval; later movements and campaign contribution are different measures. No new probabilities or individual causal credit.
the enemy had been driven in rapid flight down the southern slope of the mound towards the river.britton-price-missouri-selections-v2, p.491 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
944893b13523…supportedpost_outcome The frozen casualty text reads Unknown and the live field zero. No inspected passage gives a loss figure.
Original casualty returns were not inspected; preserve totals, categories, cutoffs and differences. No canonical reconciliation or casualty-based opening count; related actions must not be added without resolving population overlap.
responsibility
supportedunresolved Britton says Sanborn ordered the attack on the mounds and Pleasonton came up at dawn and directed the crossing, while Marmaduke, commanding the Confederate rear, withdrew. NPS says Pleasonton commanded in the field. The frozen commanders are Major Generals John S. Marmaduke and James F. Fagan and Major General Alfred Pleasonton; the live page lists Pleasonton and Marmaduke.
Command roles from a history, a summary and an interested report; no automatic sole credit.
General Pleasonton came to the front and directed the further movements of his division.britton-price-missouri-selections-v2, p.491 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
944893b13523…General Marma- duke, who was in command of the Confederate rear that day, withdrew his line and fell back.britton-price-missouri-selections-v2, p.493 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
944893b13523…Major Generalarnold-cwsac-commanders, battle KS004, belligerent Confederate, fullname John S. Marmaduke; column rank · snapshot
6c587c298717…Major Generalarnold-cwsac-commanders, battle KS004, belligerent Confederate, fullname James F. Fagan; column rank · snapshot
6c587c298717…Major Generalarnold-cwsac-commanders, battle KS004, belligerent US, fullname Alfred Pleasonton; column rank · snapshot
6c587c298717…strength
unknownunresolved
No inspected return establishes matched personnel at a common opening boundary. The frozen side-specific numerical strength bounds are blank (missing_numeric_strength). No figure in this pass is adopted as a simultaneous opening force.
supportedunresolved The frozen force field reads Provisional cavalry division and cavalry division; the live field reads zero. NPS says the Federals were outnumbered. Britton says Sanborn's brigade led, with Gravely's Sixth and Eighth Missouri State Militia and the Fourth Iowa taking the mounds, then Mitchell's and McMahan's militia, Phelps's Second Arkansas and three companies of the Second Colorado forcing the ford, with Philips's and Benteen's brigades coming up. Price says Fagan's and Marmaduke's divisions formed his rear guard.
Unit identifications and a qualitative statement; no count for either side. None is adopted as a matched opening strength. The live zero is not measured absence.
Provisional cavalry division [US]; cavalry division [CS]arnold-cwsac-battles, battle KS004; column forces_text · snapshot
952b5d08402a…to take his own regi ment and the Sixth Missouri State Militia and move for ward cautiously until he found the enemy in force.britton-price-missouri-selections-v2, p.490 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
944893b13523…the Fourth Iowa Cavalry of the Fourth Brigade, and three companies of the Second Colorado Cavalrybritton-price-missouri-selections-v2, p.492 (the running head for p.492 reads "4Q2" in OCR; OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
944893b13523…Major-Generals Fagan and Marmaduke’s divisions composed the rear guard.or41-1-price-missouri-selections-v1, p.636 (the running head for p.636 reads "LOUISIANA AND THE TRANS-MISSISSTPPT. [Chap. Lin." in OCR; OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
7a18d48e08b2…terrain
supportedunresolved Britton says the military road north of the river ran through a gap between two high mounds, each over half a mile long, which the Confederates held, the left mound so steep the men could hardly keep their footing; the Confederates tried to block the ford's exit with felled trees, and the approach was made in darkness and rain.
Ground described by a history; no map verification.
passed through a gap be tween two high mounds, each perhaps somewhat over half a mile in length.britton-price-missouri-selections-v2, p.490 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
944893b13523…which was so steep that it was with difficulty they could keep their footing.britton-price-missouri-selections-v2, p.491 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
944893b13523…endeavoring to obstruct by felling trees across the road at its exit from the ford.britton-price-missouri-selections-v2, p.491 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
944893b13523…It was then very dark and raining hard.britton-price-missouri-selections-v2, p.490 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
944893b13523…Open questions
- Pleasonton's (No. 13), Sanborn's (No. 33), Gravely's, Phelps's and Pierce's reports and the Confederate division reports remain deferred.
- Rosecrans's, Pleasonton's and Curtis's reports, the subordinate Union and Confederate reports in Volume XLI Part 1, the organization of Price's army (No. 89), Maclean's itinerary (No. 90), the Price Court of Inquiry, Hinton's 1865 Rebel Invasion of Missouri and Kansas, maps and returns remain deferred.
- NPS/CWSAC is one family (the NPS battle page plus the frozen Arnold rows). Wiley Britton's The Civil War on the Border, volume II (Putnam, 1899) is a retrospective history by a Union participant; by its preface the larger operations are based mainly on the published official reports, so it is not independent of the Price report family. Price's September 19 and November 2 dispatches and his December 28, 1864 report (Official Records Series I, Volume XLI, Part 1, No. 88) are one family of interested Confederate accounts. The Official Records volume is a shared container, not an additional witness. Report dates are not event times or proof of contemporary knowledge.
- No automatic commander attribution, causal campaign score, morale/readiness number or battle/campaign double counting.