Liberty MO003

1861-09-17 to 1861-09-17 · MO · Operations to Control Missouri [June-October 1861] · frozen result: Confederate · NPS summary (as listed)

CWSAC description
"General" D.R. Atchison left Lexington on September 15, 1861, and proceeded to Liberty where he met the Missouri State Guard. On the night of September 16-17, his force crossed the Missouri River to the south side and prepared for a fight with Union troops reported to be in the area. At the same time, Union Lt. Col. John Scott led a force of about 600 men from Cameron, on the 15th, towards Liberty. He left his camp in Centreville, at 2:00 am on the 17th. He arrived in Liberty, sent scouts out to find the enemy, and, about 11:00 am, skirmishing began. At noon, Scott marched in the direction of the firing, approached Blue Mills Landing and, at 3:00 am, struck the Confederate pickets. The Union force began to fall back, though, and the Rebels pursued for some distance. The fight lasted for an hour. The Confederates were consolidating influence in northwestern Missouri.

Command responsibility (ledger v2)

US: John Scott

Grade A under rule 2; echelon regiment. superior_directing

Rule 2, single listing. The description has Scott lead the force; his report (Third Iowa headquarters) says the engagement was sustained by his command. His report is addressed to 'S. D. STURGIS, Brigadier-General' and begins 'Agreeably to your orders I left Cameron' (superior_directing: Sturgis, taken as the listing 'Samuel D. Sturgis'); Sturgis was not on the field.

Lieutenant Colonel
arnold-cwsac-commanders, battle MO003, belligerent US, fullname John Scott; column rank · snapshot 6c587c298717…
Union Lt. Col. John Scott led a force of about 600 men from Cameron
arnold-cwsac-battles, battle MO003; column description · snapshot 952b5d08402a…
The engagement lasted one hour, and was sustained by my command
or3-scott-blue-mills-selections-v1 · snapshot 8251ad1e6cc0…

Confederate: D. R. Atchison

Grade A under rule 2; echelon unknown.

Rule 2, single listing (rank 'General'). The description calls it Atchison's force and his report speaks of 'our command'. Doubts stay visible: the compilers footnote 'No record of his official status', the report presents Atchison delivering Price's orders to State Guard columns under Saunders, Wilfley, Patton and Childs, Childs's battalion fought the morning picket action, and Patton led the advance in the afternoon. No inspected passage names another officer in overall command. Price, at Lexington, ordered the columns to hasten there but is not shown directing the fight (not labelled).

General
arnold-cwsac-commanders, battle MO003, belligerent Confederate, fullname D. R. Atchison; column rank · snapshot 6c587c298717…
his force crossed the Missouri River to the south side and prepared for a fight with Union troops reported to be in the area.
arnold-cwsac-battles, battle MO003; column description · snapshot 952b5d08402a…
The men of our command immediately formed, Col. Jeff. Patton leading the advance
or3-atchison-blue-mills-selections-v1 · snapshot 670ad76f8ec5…

Side strength (ledger v3)

US: grade A, 600 (570–900)

basis_mixedcompiled_dependencederivation_unknownwhole_engagement_leakage

InputClassPrintedBasisBoundCodesPassage
us-cwA600reported_engagedderivation_unknown
600
arnold-cwsac-forces, battle MO003, belligerent US; column description · snapshot a462f6be964b…
us-npsA600reported_engagedderivation_unknowndossier claim reported-force-scope
us-scott-500bound500unknownlowerpartial_scopedossier claim reported-force-scope
us-scott-70bound70unknownlowerpartial_scopedossier claim reported-force-scope
us-atchison-900C900unknownadversary_or_hearsay_estimatedossier claim reported-force-scope

Confederate: grade C, 3,000 (2,000–4,400)

basis_mixedopponent_estimate_pointwhole_engagement_leakage

InputClassPrintedBasisBoundCodesPassage
cs-scott-4000C4,000unknownadversary_or_hearsay_estimatedossier claim reported-force-scope
cs-scott-4400C4,400unknownadversary_or_hearsay_estimatedossier claim reported-force-scope

Nested records

ContainingContainedOutcomeReason
Lexington MO006Liberty MO003not_nestedLiberty (Blue Mills Landing) was fought north of the Missouri River by the northern State Guard columns under Atchison, en route to Lexington, against Scott's Third Iowa detachment; the Lexington description narrates only the siege and does not mention it, and neither Union force was part of the other. The force scopes partly overlap: Britton says Saunders's division crossed from North Missouri and joined Price in time for the siege, and Atchison's report puts five regiments under Saunders at Blue Mills. Atchison's report to Price says 'I delivered your orders to the above commands to hasten to this point (Lexington) with as much dispatch as possible.' Only views that include both records are affected.

Dossier claims

Draft dossier, revision missouri-1861-review-correction-2026-09-25. Claims are extraction records with their quoted passages, not historical adjudication. JSON

information

disputedunresolved Scott says his scouts could gain no definite information and that his messengers to Colonel Smith got no response; he struck the enemy about 3 p.m. (read 'p. in.' in OCR). NPS gives the contact as 3:00 am. Atchison says news came in the night that the enemy would be in Liberty early and that, after the morning picket fight, the enemy's approach was announced at 3 or 4 o'clock (no a.m. or p.m. stated), which agrees with Scott's afternoon time.

Attributed knowledge and a clock time that the summary and the report state differently; no message log inspected.

I dispatched several scouts to examine the position of the enemy, but could gain no definite information.
or3-scott-blue-mills-selections-v1, p.193 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 8251ad1e6cc0…
apprising him of my movements, but got no response.
or3-scott-blue-mills-selections-v1, p.193 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 8251ad1e6cc0…
at 3 p. in. discovered the enemy in force
or3-scott-blue-mills-selections-v1, p.194 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 8251ad1e6cc0…
at 3:00 am, struck the Confederate pickets
nps-mo003-v1, Description · snapshot d21543094d81…
We received news during the night that the enemy would be in the town of Liberty
or3-atchison-blue-mills-selections-v1, p.195 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 670ad76f8ec5…
we heard no more of them till 3 or 4 o'clock, when their approach was announced
or3-atchison-blue-mills-selections-v1, p.195 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 670ad76f8ec5…

logistics

supportedunresolved Atchison says the State Guard was crossing the river all night in three small flats with a train of some hundred wagons. Scott says rain and bad roads slowed his march, his one gun was left without enough men to serve it, and his ammunition wagon was abandoned.

Movement and equipment conditions from the two opposing reports; not returns.

We were crossing in three small flats, and much time was necessary to move the large train, of some hundred wagons.
or3-atchison-blue-mills-selections-v1, p.195 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 670ad76f8ec5…
through a heavy rain and bad roads made but 7 miles during that afternoon.
or3-scott-blue-mills-selections-v1, p.193 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 8251ad1e6cc0…
the only piece, a brass 6-pounder, was left without sufficient force to man it
or3-scott-blue-mills-selections-v1, p.194 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 8251ad1e6cc0…
The ammuni tion wagon, becoming fastened between a tree and log at the road-side
or3-scott-blue-mills-selections-v1, p.194 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 8251ad1e6cc0…

objectives

supportedunresolved Atchison says he carried Price's orders for the northern State Guard to hasten to Lexington. Scott marched on the firing toward the landing.

Stated aims from the two reports.

I delivered your orders to the above commands to hasten to this point (Lexington) with as much dispatch as possible.
or3-atchison-blue-mills-selections-v1, p.195 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 670ad76f8ec5…
in the direction of Blue Mills Landing.
or3-scott-blue-mills-selections-v1, p.194 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 8251ad1e6cc0…

outcome

disputedpost_outcome The frozen and live results read Confederate victory. Scott says he fell back slowly after an hour, returning fire and checking pursuit; Atchison says the Federals almost immediately fled with his men pursuing.

Retain the original result and engagement interval; later movements and campaign contribution are different measures. No new probabilities or individual causal credit.

Confederate victory
arnold-cwsac-battles, battle MO003; column results_text · snapshot 952b5d08402a…
Confederate Victory
nps-mo003-v1, Results · snapshot d21543094d81…
which was done slowly, returning the enemy's fire, and completely checking pursuit.
or3-scott-blue-mills-selections-v1, p.194 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 8251ad1e6cc0…
The engagement lasted one hour
or3-scott-blue-mills-selections-v1, p.194 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 8251ad1e6cc0…
But the Federal troops almost immediately fled, our men pur suing rapidly
or3-atchison-blue-mills-selections-v1, p.195 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 670ad76f8ec5…

disputedpost_outcome The frozen casualty text reads 126 (US 56; CS 70); the live field reads 62 (US 62; CS 0). Scott says Company I's 4 killed and 20 wounded were a quarter of his total loss (his list is not printed) and the enemy lost not less than 160. Atchison claims about 60 Federals killed and about 70 wounded, and 4 killed and 1 wounded at the morning picket fight without loss; Scott says a body of his scouts fell in with the enemy's pickets and lost 4 killed and 1 wounded, the same figures; a compiler's footnote cites a Fourth Division return of 2 killed and 3 wounded.

Original casualty returns were not inspected; preserve totals, categories, cutoffs and differences. No canonical reconciliation or casualty-based opening count; related actions must not be added without resolving population overlap.

126 total (US 56; CS 70)
arnold-cwsac-battles, battle MO003; column casualties_text · snapshot 952b5d08402a…
62 total (US 62; CS 0;)
nps-mo003-v1, Estimated Casualties · snapshot d21543094d81…
which lost 4 killed and 20 wounded, being one-fourth of our total loss.
or3-scott-blue-mills-selections-v1, p.194 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 8251ad1e6cc0…
is not less than 160, many of whom were killed.
or3-scott-blue-mills-selections-v1, p.194 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 8251ad1e6cc0…
killing about 60, and wounding, it is said, about 70.
or3-atchison-blue-mills-selections-v1, p.195 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 670ad76f8ec5…
killing 4 and wounding 1, with no loss on our side.
or3-atchison-blue-mills-selections-v1, p.195 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 670ad76f8ec5…
a body of our scouts had fallen in with the enemy's pickets, and lost 4 killed and 1 wounded.
or3-scott-blue-mills-selections-v1, p.194 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 8251ad1e6cc0…
reports a loss of 2 killed and 3 wounded in this action.
or3-atchison-blue-mills-selections-v1, p.195 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 670ad76f8ec5…

responsibility

supportedunresolved The frozen commanders are D. R. Atchison as General and Lieutenant Colonel John Scott; a compiler's footnote to Atchison's report says there is no record of his official status. Atchison says Colonel Jeff. Patton led the advance; Scott reports that it was deemed advisable to fall back.

Command roles from the two reports; no automatic sole credit, and Atchison's frozen rank is not adopted.

General
arnold-cwsac-commanders, battle MO003, belligerent Confederate, fullname D. R. Atchison; column rank · snapshot 6c587c298717…
Lieutenant Colonel
arnold-cwsac-commanders, battle MO003, belligerent US, fullname John Scott; column rank · snapshot 6c587c298717…
* No record of his official status.
or3-atchison-blue-mills-selections-v1, p.195 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 670ad76f8ec5…
Col. Jeff. Patton leading the advance
or3-atchison-blue-mills-selections-v1, p.195 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 670ad76f8ec5…
it was deemed advisable to fall back
or3-scott-blue-mills-selections-v1, p.194 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 8251ad1e6cc0…

strength

unknownunresolved

No inspected return establishes matched personnel at a common opening boundary. Imported numerical estimates remain unchanged; this pass does not validate them as simultaneous opening forces.

disputedunresolved The frozen force field gives the Union detachments about 600 and names the State Guard 4th Division with no figure; the live field reads US 600 and CS 0. Scott reports 500 of the Third Iowa, a squad of artillerists and about 70 Home Guards, says about 4,000 of the enemy passed through Liberty, and puts their total force at about 4,400. Atchison names five infantry regiments under Saunders with Wilfley's cavalry regiment and five under Patton with Childs's cavalry battalion, without numbers, and says the Federals were supposed to be about 900 with one gun.

Each side's estimate of the other and Scott's own count; no return. None is adopted as a matched opening strength. The live CS zero is not measured absence.

Detachments of 3rd Iowa Infantry, Home Guards, and artillery (approx. 600 men) [US]; 4th Division, Missouri State Guard [CS]
arnold-cwsac-battles, battle MO003; column forces_text · snapshot 952b5d08402a…
600 total (US 600; CS 0;)
nps-mo003-v1, Forces Engaged · snapshot d21543094d81…
consisting of 500 of the Third Iowa, a squad of German artillerists, and about 70 Home Guards
or3-scott-blue-mills-selections-v1, p.194 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 8251ad1e6cc0…
to the number of about 4,000
or3-scott-blue-mills-selections-v1, p.193 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 8251ad1e6cc0…
J3is total force was about 4,400.
or3-scott-blue-mills-selections-v1, p.194 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 8251ad1e6cc0…
five regiments of infantry, under the command of Colonel Saunders, and one regiment of cavalry
or3-atchison-blue-mills-selections-v1, p.195 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 670ad76f8ec5…
sup posed to be about 900 men, with one piece of artillery (a 6-pounder).
or3-atchison-blue-mills-selections-v1, p.195 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 670ad76f8ec5…

terrain

supportedunresolved Scott says the enemy lay concealed on both sides of the road in the dry bed of a slough, left on the river, and that his route lay through dense growth.

Ground described by an interested report; no map verification.

concealed on both sides of the road, and occupying the dry bed of a slough, his left resting on the river
or3-scott-blue-mills-selections-v1, p.194 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 8251ad1e6cc0…
the dense growth through which our route lay
or3-scott-blue-mills-selections-v1, p.194 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 8251ad1e6cc0…

Open questions