Milliken's Bend LA011

supportedunresolved Dennis says Lieb's reconnaissance on June 6 met Confederate pickets and a pursuing force and that Lieb sent word the enemy was advancing, after which Dennis sent the 23rd Iowa and Porter the Choctaw. McCulloch says Taylor's orders assumed only a cavalry battalion and a Black infantry battalion without guns or gunboats, while he believes the defenders were fully apprised and reinforced by three transport loads overnight.

Attributed knowledge in the two opposing reports; McCulloch's accounts of Taylor's information ('doubtless based upon information') and of Union warning are his inferences.

supportedunresolved Dennis says the African regiments were inexperienced, some drilled only a few days, with very inferior guns, and credits the gunboats Choctaw and Lexington. McCulloch says three gunboats shelled his men throughout.

Equipment and naval-support statements from the two opposing reports; no inspected ordnance return.

supportedunresolved McCulloch says he attacked under Taylor's verbal orders to engage before day and carry the works at the point of the bayonet.

McCulloch reports his orders; no inspected order text.

supportedpost_outcome The frozen and live results read Union victory. NPS and Dennis say the fighting continued until about noon, when the Confederates withdrew under fire from the pursuing troops and the gunboats. McCulloch writes that only the best fighting could have given his brigade even partial success.

Retain the original result and engagement interval; later movements and campaign contribution are different measures. No new probabilities or individual causal credit. McCulloch's characterization is attributed and not adopted.

disputedpost_outcome The frozen and live casualty texts read 837 total (US 652; CS 185). Dennis gives Union losses of 652, footnoted as 101 killed, 285 wounded and 266 captured or missing, and estimates the Confederate loss at about 150 killed and 300 wounded. McCulloch reports 44 killed, 130 wounded and 10 missing, says this makes his casualties 184, and puts the Union loss at over a thousand.

Original casualty returns were not inspected; preserve totals, categories, cutoffs and differences. No canonical reconciliation or casualty-based opening count; related actions must not be added without resolving population overlap. Each side's estimate of the other's loss is far above the other's own count; neither estimate is adopted. The footnote's categories are summed here (11+90, 17+268, 2+264). McCulloch's 184 differs from the frozen and live 185; his return table was read but not selected and is not cited.

supportedunresolved Dennis credits Lieb, wounded, and Colonel Glasgow of the 23rd Iowa, and says Colonel Chamberlain conducted himself in a very unsoldierlike manner. McCulloch credits Colonel Waterhouse's charge. The frozen and live commanders are Lieb, a Colonel, and McCulloch, a Brigadier General.

Subordinate conduct from the two opposing reports; the frozen commanders do not receive automatic sole credit.

unknownunresolved

No inspected return establishes matched personnel at a common opening boundary. The frozen side-specific numerical strength bounds are blank (missing_numeric_strength). No figure in this pass is adopted as a simultaneous opening force.

disputedunresolved The frozen force field names the African Brigade and the 23rd Iowa, and McCulloch's Brigade, without counts; the live field reads zero. Dennis reports the Union force at 1,061 and the Confederates at one brigade of about 2,500 with 200 cavalry. McCulloch says his full strength on the field did not exceed 1,500 and the enemy's must have been twice, if not three times, that.

Each commander's count of his own force differs from his opponent's estimate; none is adopted as matched opening strength. Live zeros are not measured absence.

supportedunresolved McCulloch says his advance went from hedge to hedge and ditch to ditch to the main levee, a 10-foot breastwork topped in places with cotton bales, over ground far rougher than his guide described. Dennis says two companies held the right behind cotton bales and part of the old levee.

Ground and works from the two opposing reports; who built the works and when is not stated. No map verification or numerical effect.