Independence MO025
1864-10-22 to 1864-10-22 · MO · Price's Missouri Expedition [September-October 1864] · frozen result: Confederate · NPS summary (as listed)
Maj. Gen. Sterling Price's army rode west in the direction of Kansas City. On the night of the 21st, he camped at Independence and resumed his westward march the next morning with Brig. Gen. Joe Shelby's division in the lead followed by Brig. Gen. John S. Marmaduke's division, with Brig. Gen. James Fagan's division bringing up the rear. While Shelby's men met success at Byram's Ford, the other two columns did not fare as well. Maj. Gen. Alfred Pleasonton's Union force crossed the Little Blue, beat up a Rebel brigade in Fagan's command, and occupied Independence. Marmaduke's division then met Pleasonton about two miles west of Independence, hit the Federals hard, pressed them back, and held them at bay until the morning of the 23rd. Pleasonton's actions, however, frightened Price and his army, and influenced them, after they had crossed the Big Blue, to send their wagon trains to Little Santa Fe on the Fort Scott Road.
Command responsibility (ledger v2)
US: Alfred Pleasonton
Grade A under rule 2; echelon division.
Rule 2. Pleasonton had assumed command of the Provisional Cavalry Division on the 19th and was 'at the front with his leading brigade directing the movements of his forces'; McNeil's brigade made the first attack on the rear-guard at the Little Blue about ten o'clock (subordinate context). Rosecrans had ordered the cavalry forward to Lexington on the 20th; that is a general pursuit order and is not labelled. Nothing contradicts the listing.
Major Generalarnold-cwsac-commanders, battle MO025, belligerent US, fullname Alfred Pleasonton; column rank · snapshot
6c587c298717…General Pleasonton, who was at the front with his leading brigade directing the movements of his forces, at once commenced making his dispositions for battle.britton-price-missouri-selections-v2 · snapshot
944893b13523…Major-General Pleasonton, under orders from Department Headquarters, assumed command of the Provisional Cavalry Division in personbritton-price-missouri-selections-v2 · snapshot
944893b13523…Maj. Gen. Alfred Pleasonton's Union force crossed the Little Blue, beat up a Rebel brigade in Fagan's command, and occupied Independence.arnold-cwsac-battles, battle MO025; column description · snapshot
952b5d08402a…Confederate: James F. Fagan
Grade A under rule 3a; echelon division. superior_directing
Other candidates: John S. Marmaduke
Both listed brigadier generals (tie; Price's report styles both Major-General). Rule 3(a): the first combat was the Union attack on Price's rear-guard, 'two brigades of Fagan's division' under Cabell (Britton); Price says Fagan had posted the pickets, was advised of the attack and 'dispatched Brigadier-General Cabell to drive back the enemy'. Marmaduke's division became engaged later, west of Independence (Price: 'about half an hour before sundown'); that is a second division joining, not a command change. Price had directed the pickets placed at the Little Blue (superior_directing: Price).
Brigadier Generalarnold-cwsac-commanders, battle MO025, belligerent Confederate, fullname James F. Fagan; column rank · snapshot
6c587c298717…Brigadier Generalarnold-cwsac-commanders, battle MO025, belligerent Confederate, fullname John S. Marmaduke; column rank · snapshot
6c587c298717…This had been done by Major-General Fagan, and being advised on the morning of the 22d that the enemy had attacked and driven in his pickets, he dispatched Brigadier-General Cabell to drive back the enemyor41-1-price-missouri-selections-v1 · snapshot
7a18d48e08b2…beat up a Rebel brigade in Fagan's commandarnold-cwsac-battles, battle MO025; column description · snapshot
952b5d08402a…Side strength (ledger v3)
US: grade D: no usable figure (modelled in the rating runs)
whole_engagement_leakage
Confederate: grade D: no usable figure (modelled in the rating runs)
whole_engagement_leakage
Nested records
| Containing | Contained | Outcome | Reason |
|---|---|---|---|
| Byram's Ford MO026 | Independence MO025 | not_nested | Independence (MO025) was Pleasonton's attack on Price's rear at the Little Blue and Independence; the Byram's Ford record's fighting of the 22nd was Shelby's attack on Blunt at the Big Blue, and the MO025 description sets the two apart. The force scopes overlap: Pleasonton's division and Marmaduke's division, which fought west of Independence on the evening of the 22nd, met again at the ford on the 23rd in MO026. Only views that include both rows are affected. |
Dossier claims
Draft dossier, revision price-missouri-review-correction-2026-09-25. Claims are extraction records with their quoted passages, not historical adjudication. JSON
information
supportedunresolved Price says he had posted pickets at the Little Blue to warn of pursuit, and Fagan was told on the morning of the 22nd that they had been driven in. Britton says reports of the advance on the rear were sent to Fagan and Marmaduke. NPS says Pleasonton's actions frightened Price into sending his trains to Little Santa Fe.
Attributed knowledge from an interested report, a history and a summary; no message log inspected.
I had directed pickets to be placed at the Little Blue to give notice of their approach.or41-1-price-missouri-selections-v1, p.635 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
7a18d48e08b2…being advised on the morning of the 22d that the enemy had attacked and driven in his picketsor41-1-price-missouri-selections-v1, p.635 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
7a18d48e08b2…Re ports of the Federal advance upon the Confederate rear were immediately sent in to Generals Fagan and Marma dukebritton-price-missouri-selections-v2, p.465 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
944893b13523…Pleasonton's actions, however, frightened Price and his armynps-mo025-v1, Description · snapshot
a9d3d95fc709…logistics
supportedunresolved Britton says a temporary bridge had to be built at the Little Blue for trains and artillery, that two of Brown's regiments had nearly used up their ammunition by dark, and that Pleasonton ordered up his ammunition and supply trains that night.
Statements from a history; no supply or ammunition return.
a tem porary bridge was hastily constructed for the purposebritton-price-missouri-selections-v2, p.463 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
944893b13523…two of his regiments reported that they had nearly ex pended their supply of ammunitionbritton-price-missouri-selections-v2, p.467 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
944893b13523…After ordering up his ammunition and supply trains from the rearbritton-price-missouri-selections-v2, p.468 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
944893b13523…objectives
supportedunresolved Price says Cabell was sent to drive back the pursuers. Britton says Pleasonton pushed the attack all night with the view of relieving Curtis. NPS says Marmaduke held Pleasonton at bay until the 23rd.
Stated aims from an interested report, a history and a summary.
he dispatched Brigadier-General Cabell to drive back the enemyor41-1-price-missouri-selections-v1, p.635 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
7a18d48e08b2…With the view of relieving General Curtisbritton-price-missouri-selections-v2, p.467 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
944893b13523…deter mined to push the Confederate force in his front all nightbritton-price-missouri-selections-v2, p.467 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
944893b13523…outcome
disputedpost_outcome The frozen and live results read Confederate victory. Britton says Pleasonton's charge broke Cabell's line, took two guns and 400 prisoners, and drove Marmaduke back toward the Big Blue by night; Price says Cabell was struck in the flank and Marmaduke was driven steadily back until late at night. NPS says Pleasonton occupied Independence but Marmaduke then pressed him back and held him.
Retain the original result and engagement interval; later movements and campaign contribution are different measures. No new probabilities or individual causal credit.
capturing two guns of the Confederate battery and four hundred prisonersbritton-price-missouri-selections-v2, p.465 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
944893b13523…driving Marma- duke's division back within a mile or so of the Big Bluebritton-price-missouri-selections-v2, p.468 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
944893b13523…driving our troops steadily back until a late hour of the nightor41-1-price-missouri-selections-v1, p.635 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
7a18d48e08b2…disputedpost_outcome The frozen casualty text reads Total unknown (US unknown; CS 140); the live field reads 140 (US 0; CS 140). Price says Cabell lost 300 or 400 men cut off and two guns; Britton says 400 prisoners and two guns were taken.
Original casualty returns were not inspected; preserve totals, categories, cutoffs and differences. No canonical reconciliation or casualty-based opening count; related actions must not be added without resolving population overlap.
Total unknown (US unknown; CS 140)arnold-cwsac-battles, battle MO025; column casualties_text · snapshot
952b5d08402a…cutting oft* 300 or 400 men and capturing 2 pieces of artillery.or41-1-price-missouri-selections-v1, p.635 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
7a18d48e08b2…capturing two guns of the Confederate battery and four hundred prisonersbritton-price-missouri-selections-v2, p.465 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
944893b13523…responsibility
supportedunresolved Britton says Pleasonton was at the front directing his leading brigade and ordered McNeil to mount and charge; Catherwood led the charge. Price says Fagan sent Cabell. The frozen commanders are Brigadier Generals James F. Fagan and John S. Marmaduke and Major General Alfred Pleasonton; the live page lists Pleasonton and Fagan (Brigadier General), while Price's report styles Fagan and Marmaduke Major General.
Command roles from a history and an interested report; no automatic sole credit, and no rank is adopted.
General Pleasonton, who was at the front with his leading brigade directing the movements of his forces, at once commenced making his dispositions for battle.britton-price-missouri-selections-v2, p.464 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
944893b13523…General Pleasonton ordered McNeil to mount his command and charge the enemy in retreat.britton-price-missouri-selections-v2, p.465 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
944893b13523…Major-General Fagan, and being advisedor41-1-price-missouri-selections-v1, p.635 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
7a18d48e08b2…Brigadier Generalarnold-cwsac-commanders, battle MO025, belligerent Confederate, fullname James F. Fagan; column rank · snapshot
6c587c298717…Brigadier Generalarnold-cwsac-commanders, battle MO025, belligerent Confederate, fullname John S. Marmaduke; column rank · snapshot
6c587c298717…Major Generalarnold-cwsac-commanders, battle MO025, belligerent US, fullname Alfred Pleasonton; column rank · snapshot
6c587c298717…strength
unknownunresolved
No inspected return establishes matched personnel at a common opening boundary. The frozen side-specific numerical strength bounds are blank (missing_numeric_strength). No figure in this pass is adopted as a simultaneous opening force.
supportedunresolved The frozen force field reads Provisional cavalry division and Fagan and Marmaduke's divisions; the live field reads zero. Britton says Pleasonton's division had four brigades under Brown, McNeil, Sanborn and Winslow, each with a section of 3-inch rifles, and that McNeil's and Sanborn's brigades made the attack on Cabell with Brown and Winslow following against Marmaduke. Price says Cabell's brigade was sent to drive the pursuers back and Marmaduke's division formed the rear.
Unit identifications only; no count for either side. None is adopted as a matched opening strength. The live zero is not measured absence.
Provisional cavalry division [US]; Fagan and Marmaduke's Divisions, Army of Missouri [CS]arnold-cwsac-battles, battle MO025; column forces_text · snapshot
952b5d08402a…A section of 3-inch rifled guns was attached to each brigade.britton-price-missouri-selections-v2, p.461 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
944893b13523…The troops of McNeil and Sanborn now pressed forwardbritton-price-missouri-selections-v2, p.464 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
944893b13523…the First Brigade under General Brown and the Fourth Brigade under Colonel Winslow came upbritton-price-missouri-selections-v2, p.466 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
944893b13523…he dispatched Brigadier-General Cabell to drive back the enemyor41-1-price-missouri-selections-v1, p.635 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
7a18d48e08b2…Major-General Marmaduke’s division, which formed the rear of the armyor41-1-price-missouri-selections-v1, p.635 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
7a18d48e08b2…terrain
supportedunresolved Britton says the ground east of Independence is broken by steep hollows that disordered Sanborn's dismounted men, and that Clark's skirmishers held timber east of Rock Creek; Price and Britton say the evening fighting went on in darkness.
Ground described by a history and an interested report; no map verification.
But the ground just east of Independ ence is broken by steep hollowsbritton-price-missouri-selections-v2, p.466 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
944893b13523…in a skirt of timber east of Rockbritton-price-missouri-selections-v2, p.466 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
944893b13523…in almost impenetrable darkness.or41-1-price-missouri-selections-v1, p.635 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot
7a18d48e08b2…Open questions
- Pleasonton's (No. 13), Brown's, McNeil's, Sanborn's, Winslow's and Catherwood's reports and Clark's and Greene's reports remain deferred.
- Rosecrans's, Pleasonton's and Curtis's reports, the subordinate Union and Confederate reports in Volume XLI Part 1, the organization of Price's army (No. 89), Maclean's itinerary (No. 90), the Price Court of Inquiry, Hinton's 1865 Rebel Invasion of Missouri and Kansas, maps and returns remain deferred.
- NPS/CWSAC is one family (the NPS battle page plus the frozen Arnold rows). Wiley Britton's The Civil War on the Border, volume II (Putnam, 1899) is a retrospective history by a Union participant; by its preface the larger operations are based mainly on the published official reports, so it is not independent of the Price report family. Price's September 19 and November 2 dispatches and his December 28, 1864 report (Official Records Series I, Volume XLI, Part 1, No. 88) are one family of interested Confederate accounts. The Official Records volume is a shared container, not an additional witness. Report dates are not event times or proof of contemporary knowledge.
- No automatic commander attribution, causal campaign score, morale/readiness number or battle/campaign double counting.