Independence MO025

1864-10-22 to 1864-10-22 · MO · Price's Missouri Expedition [September-October 1864] · frozen result: Confederate · NPS summary (as listed)

CWSAC description
Maj. Gen. Sterling Price's army rode west in the direction of Kansas City. On the night of the 21st, he camped at Independence and resumed his westward march the next morning with Brig. Gen. Joe Shelby's division in the lead followed by Brig. Gen. John S. Marmaduke's division, with Brig. Gen. James Fagan's division bringing up the rear. While Shelby's men met success at Byram's Ford, the other two columns did not fare as well. Maj. Gen. Alfred Pleasonton's Union force crossed the Little Blue, beat up a Rebel brigade in Fagan's command, and occupied Independence. Marmaduke's division then met Pleasonton about two miles west of Independence, hit the Federals hard, pressed them back, and held them at bay until the morning of the 23rd. Pleasonton's actions, however, frightened Price and his army, and influenced them, after they had crossed the Big Blue, to send their wagon trains to Little Santa Fe on the Fort Scott Road.

Command responsibility (ledger v2)

US: Alfred Pleasonton

Grade A under rule 2; echelon division.

Rule 2. Pleasonton had assumed command of the Provisional Cavalry Division on the 19th and was 'at the front with his leading brigade directing the movements of his forces'; McNeil's brigade made the first attack on the rear-guard at the Little Blue about ten o'clock (subordinate context). Rosecrans had ordered the cavalry forward to Lexington on the 20th; that is a general pursuit order and is not labelled. Nothing contradicts the listing.

Major General
arnold-cwsac-commanders, battle MO025, belligerent US, fullname Alfred Pleasonton; column rank · snapshot 6c587c298717…
General Pleasonton, who was at the front with his leading brigade directing the movements of his forces, at once commenced making his dispositions for battle.
britton-price-missouri-selections-v2 · snapshot 944893b13523…
Major-General Pleasonton, under orders from Department Headquarters, assumed command of the Provisional Cavalry Division in person
britton-price-missouri-selections-v2 · snapshot 944893b13523…
Maj. Gen. Alfred Pleasonton's Union force crossed the Little Blue, beat up a Rebel brigade in Fagan's command, and occupied Independence.
arnold-cwsac-battles, battle MO025; column description · snapshot 952b5d08402a…

Confederate: James F. Fagan

Grade A under rule 3a; echelon division. superior_directing

Other candidates: John S. Marmaduke

Both listed brigadier generals (tie; Price's report styles both Major-General). Rule 3(a): the first combat was the Union attack on Price's rear-guard, 'two brigades of Fagan's division' under Cabell (Britton); Price says Fagan had posted the pickets, was advised of the attack and 'dispatched Brigadier-General Cabell to drive back the enemy'. Marmaduke's division became engaged later, west of Independence (Price: 'about half an hour before sundown'); that is a second division joining, not a command change. Price had directed the pickets placed at the Little Blue (superior_directing: Price).

Brigadier General
arnold-cwsac-commanders, battle MO025, belligerent Confederate, fullname James F. Fagan; column rank · snapshot 6c587c298717…
Brigadier General
arnold-cwsac-commanders, battle MO025, belligerent Confederate, fullname John S. Marmaduke; column rank · snapshot 6c587c298717…
This had been done by Major-General Fagan, and being advised on the morning of the 22d that the enemy had attacked and driven in his pickets, he dispatched Brigadier-General Cabell to drive back the enemy
or41-1-price-missouri-selections-v1 · snapshot 7a18d48e08b2…
beat up a Rebel brigade in Fagan's command
arnold-cwsac-battles, battle MO025; column description · snapshot 952b5d08402a…

Side strength (ledger v3)

US: grade D: no usable figure (modelled in the rating runs)

whole_engagement_leakage

Confederate: grade D: no usable figure (modelled in the rating runs)

whole_engagement_leakage

Nested records

ContainingContainedOutcomeReason
Byram's Ford MO026Independence MO025not_nestedIndependence (MO025) was Pleasonton's attack on Price's rear at the Little Blue and Independence; the Byram's Ford record's fighting of the 22nd was Shelby's attack on Blunt at the Big Blue, and the MO025 description sets the two apart. The force scopes overlap: Pleasonton's division and Marmaduke's division, which fought west of Independence on the evening of the 22nd, met again at the ford on the 23rd in MO026. Only views that include both rows are affected.

Dossier claims

Draft dossier, revision price-missouri-review-correction-2026-09-25. Claims are extraction records with their quoted passages, not historical adjudication. JSON

information

supportedunresolved Price says he had posted pickets at the Little Blue to warn of pursuit, and Fagan was told on the morning of the 22nd that they had been driven in. Britton says reports of the advance on the rear were sent to Fagan and Marmaduke. NPS says Pleasonton's actions frightened Price into sending his trains to Little Santa Fe.

Attributed knowledge from an interested report, a history and a summary; no message log inspected.

I had directed pickets to be placed at the Little Blue to give notice of their approach.
or41-1-price-missouri-selections-v1, p.635 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 7a18d48e08b2…
being advised on the morning of the 22d that the enemy had attacked and driven in his pickets
or41-1-price-missouri-selections-v1, p.635 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 7a18d48e08b2…
Re ports of the Federal advance upon the Confederate rear were immediately sent in to Generals Fagan and Marma duke
britton-price-missouri-selections-v2, p.465 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 944893b13523…
Pleasonton's actions, however, frightened Price and his army
nps-mo025-v1, Description · snapshot a9d3d95fc709…

logistics

supportedunresolved Britton says a temporary bridge had to be built at the Little Blue for trains and artillery, that two of Brown's regiments had nearly used up their ammunition by dark, and that Pleasonton ordered up his ammunition and supply trains that night.

Statements from a history; no supply or ammunition return.

a tem porary bridge was hastily constructed for the purpose
britton-price-missouri-selections-v2, p.463 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 944893b13523…
two of his regiments reported that they had nearly ex pended their supply of ammunition
britton-price-missouri-selections-v2, p.467 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 944893b13523…
After ordering up his ammunition and supply trains from the rear
britton-price-missouri-selections-v2, p.468 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 944893b13523…

objectives

supportedunresolved Price says Cabell was sent to drive back the pursuers. Britton says Pleasonton pushed the attack all night with the view of relieving Curtis. NPS says Marmaduke held Pleasonton at bay until the 23rd.

Stated aims from an interested report, a history and a summary.

he dispatched Brigadier-General Cabell to drive back the enemy
or41-1-price-missouri-selections-v1, p.635 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 7a18d48e08b2…
With the view of relieving General Curtis
britton-price-missouri-selections-v2, p.467 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 944893b13523…
deter mined to push the Confederate force in his front all night
britton-price-missouri-selections-v2, p.467 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 944893b13523…
held them at bay until the morning of the 23rd
nps-mo025-v1, Description · snapshot a9d3d95fc709…

outcome

disputedpost_outcome The frozen and live results read Confederate victory. Britton says Pleasonton's charge broke Cabell's line, took two guns and 400 prisoners, and drove Marmaduke back toward the Big Blue by night; Price says Cabell was struck in the flank and Marmaduke was driven steadily back until late at night. NPS says Pleasonton occupied Independence but Marmaduke then pressed him back and held him.

Retain the original result and engagement interval; later movements and campaign contribution are different measures. No new probabilities or individual causal credit.

Confederate victory
arnold-cwsac-battles, battle MO025; column results_text · snapshot 952b5d08402a…
Confederate Victory
nps-mo025-v1, Results · snapshot a9d3d95fc709…
capturing two guns of the Confederate battery and four hundred prisoners
britton-price-missouri-selections-v2, p.465 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 944893b13523…
driving Marma- duke's division back within a mile or so of the Big Blue
britton-price-missouri-selections-v2, p.468 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 944893b13523…
driving our troops steadily back until a late hour of the night
or41-1-price-missouri-selections-v1, p.635 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 7a18d48e08b2…
hit the Federals hard, pressed them back
nps-mo025-v1, Description · snapshot a9d3d95fc709…

disputedpost_outcome The frozen casualty text reads Total unknown (US unknown; CS 140); the live field reads 140 (US 0; CS 140). Price says Cabell lost 300 or 400 men cut off and two guns; Britton says 400 prisoners and two guns were taken.

Original casualty returns were not inspected; preserve totals, categories, cutoffs and differences. No canonical reconciliation or casualty-based opening count; related actions must not be added without resolving population overlap.

Total unknown (US unknown; CS 140)
arnold-cwsac-battles, battle MO025; column casualties_text · snapshot 952b5d08402a…
140 total (US 0; CS 140;)
nps-mo025-v1, Estimated Casualties · snapshot a9d3d95fc709…
cutting oft* 300 or 400 men and capturing 2 pieces of artillery.
or41-1-price-missouri-selections-v1, p.635 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 7a18d48e08b2…
capturing two guns of the Confederate battery and four hundred prisoners
britton-price-missouri-selections-v2, p.465 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 944893b13523…

responsibility

supportedunresolved Britton says Pleasonton was at the front directing his leading brigade and ordered McNeil to mount and charge; Catherwood led the charge. Price says Fagan sent Cabell. The frozen commanders are Brigadier Generals James F. Fagan and John S. Marmaduke and Major General Alfred Pleasonton; the live page lists Pleasonton and Fagan (Brigadier General), while Price's report styles Fagan and Marmaduke Major General.

Command roles from a history and an interested report; no automatic sole credit, and no rank is adopted.

General Pleasonton, who was at the front with his leading brigade directing the movements of his forces, at once commenced making his dispositions for battle.
britton-price-missouri-selections-v2, p.464 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 944893b13523…
General Pleasonton ordered McNeil to mount his command and charge the enemy in retreat.
britton-price-missouri-selections-v2, p.465 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 944893b13523…
Major-General Fagan, and being advised
or41-1-price-missouri-selections-v1, p.635 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 7a18d48e08b2…
Brigadier General
arnold-cwsac-commanders, battle MO025, belligerent Confederate, fullname James F. Fagan; column rank · snapshot 6c587c298717…
Brigadier General
arnold-cwsac-commanders, battle MO025, belligerent Confederate, fullname John S. Marmaduke; column rank · snapshot 6c587c298717…
Major General
arnold-cwsac-commanders, battle MO025, belligerent US, fullname Alfred Pleasonton; column rank · snapshot 6c587c298717…
Brigadier General James Fagan [CS]
nps-mo025-v1, Principal Commanders · snapshot a9d3d95fc709…

strength

unknownunresolved

No inspected return establishes matched personnel at a common opening boundary. The frozen side-specific numerical strength bounds are blank (missing_numeric_strength). No figure in this pass is adopted as a simultaneous opening force.

supportedunresolved The frozen force field reads Provisional cavalry division and Fagan and Marmaduke's divisions; the live field reads zero. Britton says Pleasonton's division had four brigades under Brown, McNeil, Sanborn and Winslow, each with a section of 3-inch rifles, and that McNeil's and Sanborn's brigades made the attack on Cabell with Brown and Winslow following against Marmaduke. Price says Cabell's brigade was sent to drive the pursuers back and Marmaduke's division formed the rear.

Unit identifications only; no count for either side. None is adopted as a matched opening strength. The live zero is not measured absence.

Provisional cavalry division [US]; Fagan and Marmaduke's Divisions, Army of Missouri [CS]
arnold-cwsac-battles, battle MO025; column forces_text · snapshot 952b5d08402a…
0 total (US 0; CS 0;)
nps-mo025-v1, Forces Engaged · snapshot a9d3d95fc709…
A section of 3-inch rifled guns was attached to each brigade.
britton-price-missouri-selections-v2, p.461 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 944893b13523…
The troops of McNeil and Sanborn now pressed forward
britton-price-missouri-selections-v2, p.464 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 944893b13523…
the First Brigade under General Brown and the Fourth Brigade under Colonel Winslow came up
britton-price-missouri-selections-v2, p.466 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 944893b13523…
he dispatched Brigadier-General Cabell to drive back the enemy
or41-1-price-missouri-selections-v1, p.635 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 7a18d48e08b2…
Major-General Marmaduke’s division, which formed the rear of the army
or41-1-price-missouri-selections-v1, p.635 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 7a18d48e08b2…

terrain

supportedunresolved Britton says the ground east of Independence is broken by steep hollows that disordered Sanborn's dismounted men, and that Clark's skirmishers held timber east of Rock Creek; Price and Britton say the evening fighting went on in darkness.

Ground described by a history and an interested report; no map verification.

But the ground just east of Independ ence is broken by steep hollows
britton-price-missouri-selections-v2, p.466 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 944893b13523…
in a skirt of timber east of Rock
britton-price-missouri-selections-v2, p.466 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 944893b13523…
in almost impenetrable darkness.
or41-1-price-missouri-selections-v1, p.635 (OCR page markers; not checked against print) · snapshot 7a18d48e08b2…

Open questions